ArticleEpidemiology and infection2019
Incubation periods of enteric illnesses in foodborne outbreaks, United States, 1998-2013.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
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- Effects of Social Pairing on Measurable Disease Outcomes in Hospitalized Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta).American journal of primatology · 2026Article
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- Biological characterization of novelFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Canadian beach cohort study: protocol of a prospective study to assess the burden of recreational water illness.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Human norovirus in Brazil: an update of reports in different settings.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Review
- Molecular Characteristics and Pathogenicity ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infection Following International Travel-United States, 2018-2019.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Recreational water exposures and illness outcomes at a freshwater beach in Toronto, Canada: A prospective cohort pilot study.PloS one · 2023Article
- A foodborne outbreak linked to Bacillus cereus at two middle schools in a rural area of Chongqing, China, 2021.PloS one · 2023Article
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- Changing epidemiology of shigellosis in Taiwan, 2010-2019: an emerging threat to HIV-infected patients and men who have sex with men.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
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- Surveillance and characteristics of food-borne outbreaks in the Netherlands, 2006 to 2019.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2022Article
- An Increased Risk of School-Aged Children with Viral Infection among Diarrhea Clusters in Taiwan during 2011-2019.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Early in a foodborne disease outbreak investigation, illness incubation periods can help focus case interviews, case definitions, clinical and environmental evaluations and predict an aetiology. Data describing incubation periods are limited. We examined foodborne disease outbreaks from laboratory-confirmed, single aetiology, enteric bacterial and viral pathogens reported to United States foodborne disease outbreak surveillance from 1998-2013. We grouped pathogens by clinical presentation and analysed the reported median incubation period among all illnesses from the implicated pathogen for each outbreak as the outbreak incubation period. Outbreaks from preformed bacterial toxins (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens) had the shortest outbreak incubation periods (4-10 h medians), distinct from that of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (17 h median). Norovirus, salmonella and shigella had longer but similar outbreak incubation periods (32-45 h medians); campylobacter and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli had the longest among bacteria (62-87 h medians); hepatitis A had the longest overall (672 h median). Our results can help guide diagnostic and investigative strategies early in an outbreak investigation to suggest or rule out specific etiologies or, when the pathogen is known, the likely timeframe for exposure. They also point to possible differences in pathogenesis among pathogens causing broadly similar syndromes.
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