ArticleBiophysical journal2019
On the Mechanism of Bilayer Separation by Extrusion, or Why Your LUVs Are Not Really Unilamellar.
Article in Biophysical journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed.
- Determination of water permeability in stress-free lipid membranes through time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering.Journal of applied crystallography · 2026Article
- Multiscale characterization of lipid bilayer disruption induced by Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD).European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2026Article
- Affordable, cleanroom-free millifluidic production of targeted lipid nanocarriersLab on a chip · 2026Article
- Describing neutron spin echo data from undulating lipid vesicles: recent advances.Journal of applied crystallography · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal Control of the Formation of Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes in Liposome-Based Nanoreactors.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Programmable DNA shell scaffolds for directional membrane budding.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Encapsulants Affect Liposome Surface Interactions with Biological Systems.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Reversible tuning of membrane sterol levels by cyclodextrin in a dialysis setting.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- Highly tail-asymmetric lipids interdigitate and cause bidirectional ordering.Journal of lipid research · 2025Article
- Determining the rates of α-tocopherol movement in DPPC vesicles using small-angle neutron scattering.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- Measurement of phospholipid lateral diffusion at high pressure by in situ magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy.Communications chemistry · 2025Article
- Modification of Liposomal Properties by an Engineered Gemini Surfactant.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025Article
- Role of cardiolipin in proton transmembrane flux and localization.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- Unexpected asymmetric distribution of cholesterol and phospholipids in equilibrium model membranes.Biophysical journal · 2024Article
- Microfluidic Fabrication of Oleosin-Coated Liposomes as Anticancer Drug Carriers with Enhanced Sustained Drug Release.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Neutron spin echo shows pHLIP is capable of retarding membrane thickness fluctuations.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes · 2024Article
- Article
- Liposomal Copermeation Assay Reveals Unexpected Membrane Interactions of Commonly Prescribed Drugs.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Methyl-β-cyclodextrin asymmetrically extracts phospholipid from bilayers, granting tunable control over differential stress in lipid vesicles.Soft matter · 2024Article
- An Efficient Method for the Production of High-Purity Bioinspired Large Unilamellar Vesicles.ACS synthetic biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extrusion through porous filters is a widely used method for preparing biomimetic model membranes. Of primary importance in this approach is the efficient production of single bilayer (unilamellar) vesicles that eliminate the influence of interlamellar interactions and strictly define the bilayer surface area available to external reagents such as proteins. Submicroscopic vesicles produced using extrusion are widely assumed to be unilamellar, and large deviations from this assumption would impact interpretations from many model membrane experiments. Using three probe-free methods-small angle X-ray and neutron scattering and cryogenic electron microscopy-we report unambiguous evidence of extensive multilamellarity in extruded vesicles composed of neutral phosphatidylcholine lipids, including for the common case of neutral lipids dispersed in physiological buffer and extruded through 100-nm diameter pores. In such preparations, only ∼35% of lipids are externally accessible and this fraction is highly dependent on preparation conditions. Charged lipids promote unilamellarity as does decreasing solvent ionic strength, indicating the importance of electrostatic interactions in determining the lamellarity of extruded vesicles. Smaller extrusion pore sizes also robustly increase the fraction of unilamellar vesicles, suggesting a role for membrane bending. Taken together, these observations suggest a mechanistic model for extrusion, wherein the formation of unilamellar vesicles involves competition between bilayer bending and adhesion energies. The findings presented here have wide-ranging implications for the design and interpretation of model membrane studies, especially ensemble-averaged observations relying on the assumption of unilamellarity.
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