ReviewNature reviews. Nephrology2019
Sex and the kidneys: current understanding and research opportunities.
Review in Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aromatase enzyme: Paving the way for exploring aromatization for cardio-renal protection.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2023Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2023Pooled it
- Increased risk of kidney failure in patients with genetic kidney disorders.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Autosomal Type IV Collagen Genes Display Sex Differences in Genetic Risk for Hematuria.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Examining the role of biologic sex on kidney outcomes in preterm neonates: A secondary analysis of the PENUT/REPAIReD study.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Sex differences in cardiovascular‑kidney‑metabolic syndrome: From pathogenesis to treatment response (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Sexual dimorphism shapes renal metabolic adaptation to a ketogenic diet.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Sex-dependent differences in the progression of renal injury and fibrosis following ischemic acute kidney injury.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Article
- Enhanced Expression of the Female-Biased Gene Gsta2 in Male Proximal Tubule Cells Improves Renal Resilience to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Article
- Sex-Related Expression of Klotho in Rat Kidneys: Species Differences Between Rats and Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Diseases and Vascular Function in Chronic Kidney Disease.Cardiology clinics · 2025Review
- Epidemiology and economic burden of end-stage kidney disease by age, gender, and province among Iranian Hajj pilgrims in 2012-22: a retrospective study of 469,581 participants.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Effect of sex chromosome complement versus gonadal hormones on abundance of renal transporters.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial SLC3A1 regulates sexual dimorphism in cystinuria.Genes & diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Renal profile and the associated outcome of patients with acute kidney injury undergoing dialysis in Renal Unit at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Western Kenya.African health sciences · 2025Article
- Mechanisms involved in aminoacidurias: impacts of genetic and environmental factors.Current research in physiology · 2025Review
- Exploring the stroke burden linked to Kidney dysfunction: trends, predictive insights, and health inequalities.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Concerns regarding sex differences are increasingly pertinent in scientific and societal arenas. Although biological sex and socio-cultural gender are increasingly recognized as important modulators of renal function under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying sex differences in renal pathophysiology, disease development, progression and management. In this Perspectives article, we discuss specific opportunities for future research aimed at addressing these knowledge gaps. Such opportunities include the development of standardized core data elements and outcomes related to sex for use in clinical studies to establish a connection between sex hormones and renal disease development or progression, development of a knowledge portal to promote fundamental understanding of physiological differences between male and female kidneys in animal models and in humans, and the creation of new or the development of existing resources and datasets to make them more readily available for interrogation of sex differences. These ideas are intended to stimulate thought and interest among the renal research community as they consider sex as a biological variable in future research projects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.