ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2019
An Alkylpyrazine Synthesis Mechanism Involving l-Threonine-3-Dehydrogenase Describes the Production of 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine and 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine by Bacillus subtilis.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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29 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Transcriptome Sequencing of Bacillus sp. TTMP20 and Analysis of the Effect of BDH Gene on Tetramethylpyrazine Synthesis.Current microbiology · 2024Article
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- Progress on the Synthesis Pathways and Pharmacological Effects of Naturally Occurring Pyrazines.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
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- Catabolism of germinant amino acids is required to prevent premature spore germination inmBio · 2024Article
- Engineering Escherichia coli for high-yielding 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine synthesis from L-Threonine by reconstructing metabolic pathways and enhancing cofactors regeneration.Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts · 2024Article
- The mechanism ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alkylpyrazines are important contributors to the flavor of traditional fermented foods. Here, we studied the synthesis mechanisms of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (2,5-DMP) and 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine (TMP). Substrate addition, whole-cell catalysis, stable isotope tracing experiments, and gene manipulation revealed that l-threonine is the starting point involving l-threonine-3-dehydrogenase (TDH) and three uncatalyzed reactions to form 2,5-DMP. TDH catalyzes the oxidation of l-threonine. The product of this reaction is l-2-amino-acetoacetate, which is known to be unstable and can decarboxylate to form aminoacetone. It is proposed that aminoacetone spontaneously converts to 2,5-DMP in a pH-dependent reaction, via 3,6-dihydro-2,5-DMP. 2-Amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A (CoA) ligase (KBL) catalyzes the cleavage of l-2-amino-acetoacetate, the product of TDH, into glycine and acetyl-CoA in the presence of CoA. Inactivation of KBL could improve the production of 2,5-DMP. Besides 2,5-DMP, TMP can also be generated by
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