ArticleAmerican journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)2020
IL-10 to TNFα ratios throughout early first trimester can discriminate healthy pregnancies from pregnancy losses.
Article in American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Soluble P2X7 receptor (sP2X7R) as a marker of inflammation in pregnancy.Purinergic signalling · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Role of Natural Progesterone in Pregnancy: A Review.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2026Review
- A case-control study identifying critical exposure windows in the association between ambient air pollution and spontaneous abortion.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Phenotype- and phase-directed immune interpretation in recurrent implantation failure and pregnancy loss: an integrative framework.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Review
- Endometrial immune cell profile at the time of frozen embryo transfer as prognostic indicator of live birth.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Exploring the Potential of Peptides Derived from the Coelomic Fluid ofF1000Research · 2025Article
- Alloimmune Causes of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Cellular Mechanisms and Overview of Therapeutic Approaches.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Exploring free pregnancy associated plasma protein a (fPAPP-A) as a biomarker in early pregnancy.Practical laboratory medicine · 2024Article
- Diminished placental Factor XIIIA1 expression associates with pre-conception antiretroviral treatment and preterm birth in pregnant people living with HIV.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Guardians under Siege: Exploring Pollution's Effects on Human Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- TNF-α-positive patients with recurrent pregnancy loss: The etiology and management.Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine · 2024Article
- Chenodeoxycholic Acid Improves Embryo Implantation and Metabolic Health through Modulating Gut Microbiota-Host Metabolites Interaction during Early Pregnancy.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Serum Cu, Zn and IL-1β Levels May Predict Fetal Miscarriage Risk After IVF Cycles: A Nested Case-Control Study.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- Prophylaxis of decidual CD68Heliyon · 2023Article
- Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in patients undergoingFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Lupus and recurrent pregnancy loss: the role of female sex hormones and B cells.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Article
- Fetal inflammatory response at the fetomaternal interface: A requirement for labor at term and preterm.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Mechanisms of immune regulation by the placenta: Role of type I interferon and interferon-stimulated genes signaling during pregnancy.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
problemEmbryo implantation and placentation require a careful immunological balance. Cytokines such as IL-10 and TNFα have been implicated as markers of dysregulation, but have only been studied at a single time point or after a pregnancy loss. Our objective was to determine normative patterns of serum levels of IL-10 and TNFα and their ratio throughout the first trimester in healthy pregnancies and to determine if this pattern differs from pregnancy loss. METHOD OF STUDY: Two prospective longitudinal cohorts of gravidae including in vitro fertilization (IVF) and naturally conceived pregnancies with serial blood draws. Cytokines were assayed using Simple Plex. In the IVF cohort, we monitored from the implantation day up to 6 weeks of gestation; whereas in the naturally conceived cohort, sample collection began at 4 weeks and throughout the whole first trimester.
resultsIL-10 concentrations in normal pregnancies were significantly higher than in pregnancies ending in a loss starting at 6-8 weeks of gestation, while TNFα concentrations were significantly lower in normal than in pregnancies ending in a loss starting at 3-5 of gestation weeks. The IL-10 to TNFα ratio in normal pregnancies was significantly higher from 4 to 9 weeks compared to pregnancies that were lost (t test, P < .05). Changes were observed before any symptoms of miscarriage were present.
conclusionWe provide evidences of differences in early immunomodulation in healthy pregnancies vs those destined to end in first-trimester loss. The ratio of IL-10 to TNFα rises significantly higher in viable pregnancies as early as 4.5 weeks compared to pregnancies loss.
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