ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2019
Marijuana and alcohol use among injured drivers evaluated at level I trauma centers in Arizona, 2008-2014.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Cannabis Legalization on Road Safety: A Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Pediatric Trauma Trends Before and After Recreational Cannabis Legalization in Nevada: A Retrospective Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Health, safety, and socioeconomic impacts of cannabis liberalization laws: An evidence and gap map.Campbell systematic reviews · 2023Article
- Worldwide Prevalence of Alcohol Use in Non-Fatally Injured Motor Vehicle Drivers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe examined marijuana and alcohol use trends among drivers aged ≥16 years evaluated at Level I trauma centers before and after Arizona legalized medical marijuana in April 2011.
methodsWe conducted interrupted time series (ITS) analysis of urine drug screens for marijuana metabolites and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) data from the 2008-2014 Arizona State Trauma Registry.
resultsAmong 30,083 injured drivers, 14,710 had marijuana test results, and 2590 were positive for marijuana; of these, 1087 (42%) also tested positive for alcohol. Among 23,186 drivers with BAC results, 5266 exceeded the legal limit for their age. Compared with prelaw trends (models if law had not been enacted), postlaw models showed small but significant annual increases in the proportions of drivers testing positive for either substance. By the end of 2014, the proportion of drivers testing positive for marijuana was 9.6% versus a projected 5.6% if the law had not been enacted, and the proportion of drivers with illegal BACs was 15.7% versus a projected 8.2%. When ITS was restricted to only substance-tested drivers, no significant differences were detected.
conclusionsDespite the small annual postlaw increases in the proportion of marijuana-positive drivers compared with the prelaw trend, alcohol-impaired driving remains a more prevalent threat to road safety in Arizona.
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Registered trials
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