ArticlePloS one2019
Substitution of marijuana for opioids in a national survey of US adults.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The Impact of Medical Cannabis Laws on Cannabis and Opioid Use Disorder Treatment and Overdose-Related Health Care Utilization Among Adults With Chronic Noncancer Pain.The Milbank quarterly · 2025Article
- Opioid reduction in patients with chronic non-cancer pain undergoing treatment with medicinal cannabis.Pain management · 2025Article
- Association Between Legal Access to Medical Cannabis and Frequency of Non-Medical Prescription Opioid Use Among U.S. Adults.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2025Article
- The relationship of medical and recreational cannabis laws with opioid misuse and opioid use disorder in the USA: Does it depend on prior history of cannabis use?The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- The relationship between medical marijuana use and prescription pain reliever use among U.S. adults: A retrospective analysis utilizing the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2023Article
- An answered call for aid? Cannabinoid clinical framework for the opioid epidemic.Harm reduction journal · 2023Review
- A national population-based study of cannabis use and correlates among U.S. veterans prescribed opioids in primary care.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Changes in the clustering of health-related behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: examining predictors using latent transition analysis.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Analyzing the Impact of Cannabinoids on the Treatment of Spinal Disorders.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2022Review
- Medical Cannabis Use Among Older Adults in Canada: Self-Reported Data on Types and Amount Used, and Perceived Effects.Drugs & aging · 2022Article
- Association of medical cannabis licensure with prescription opioid receipt: A population-based, individual-level retrospective cohort study.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Article
- Legal status of recreational cannabis and self-reported substitution of cannabis for opioids or prescription pain medication in Canada and the United States.Substance abuse · 2022Article
- Knowledge and attitudes of Italian medical oncologists and palliative care physicians toward medical use of cannabis in cancer care: a national survey.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2021Article
- The Endocannabinoid System: A Potential Target for the Treatment of Various Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Is Cannabis being used as a substitute for non-medical opioids by adults with problem substance use in the United States? A within-person analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Article
- Factors associated with health-related cannabis use intentions among a community sample of people who inject drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, CA 2016 to 2018.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Cannabis: An Emerging Treatment for Common Symptoms in Older Adults.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2021Article
- Considerations for Cannabis Use to Treat Pain in Sickle Cell Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Prevalence and characteristics of HPV vaccine hesitancy among parents of adolescents across the US.Vaccine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Opioid prescriptions for chronic pain and subsequent opioid-related complications have risen dramatically in the US. Recent data suggest that medical marijuana laws have been associated with lower state-level opioid overdose mortality. In a national survey, we examined the prevalence of substitution of marijuana for opioids among US adults taking opioids for pain.Using GfK's KnowledgePanel, we conducted an Internet-based survey of a nationally representative sample of 16,280 adults in 2017 about individual perceptions and use of marijuana. We developed questions designed to assess the extent and reasons for substitution of marijuana for opioids. We examined opioid substitution among respondents with a history of ever using marijuana who used opioids in the past 12 months. There were 9,003 respondents, corresponding to a 55.3% response rate. The mean age was 48 years. Among the 5% (n = 486) who reported ever using marijuana and using opioids in the past year, 43% used opioids daily, and 23% reported current (past 30 day) marijuana use. Forty-one percent reported a decrease or cessation of opioid use due to marijuana use; 46% reported no change in opioid use; and 8% reported an increase in opioid use. We found that a substantial number of US adults reported that they substituted marijuana for opioids.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.