ReviewAdvances in experimental medicine and biology2019
Evolution of Neuroglia.
Review in Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Melatonin as an Integrative Adjunct in Multimodal Analgesia: Linking Circadian Regulation, Anti-Inflammatory Modulation, and Opioid-Sparing Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multi-species integration, alignment and annotation of single-cell RNA-seq data with CAMEX.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Increased neural excitability and glioma synaptic activity drives glioma proliferation in human cortex.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Shaping the Neocortex: Radial Glia and Astrocytes in Development and Evolution.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Echinoderm Radial Glia-Like Cells Express Vertebrate Glial Markers.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2025Article
- Molecular profiling of invertebrate glia.Glia · 2025Review
- The relative withdrawal of GFAP-An essential component of brain evolution.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2025Article
- Differences in vocal brain areas and astrocytes between the house wren and the rufous-tailed hummingbird.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2024Article
- Evolution of Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions Across Species.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
- Complement in Human Brain Health: Potential of Dietary Food in Relation to Neurodegenerative Diseases.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of axonal support by oligodendrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2023Review
- Functions of Astrocytes under Normal Conditions and after a Brain Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Appraising the Role of Astrocytes as Suppliers of Neuronal Glutathione Precursors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Machine learning classification reveals robust morphometric biomarker of glial and neuronal arbors.Journal of neuroscience research · 2023Article
- Cells of the Central Nervous System: An Overview of Their Structure and Function.Advances in neurobiology · 2023Article
- Fluid transport in the brain.Physiological reviews · 2022Review
- Radial glia and radial glia-like cells: Their role in neurogenesis and regeneration.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Evolution of astrocytes: From invertebrates to vertebrates.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Radial Glial Cells: New Views on Old Questions.Neurochemical research · 2021Article
- Dynamic Diversity of Glial Response Among Species in Spinal Cord Injury.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
As the nervous system evolved from the diffused to centralised form, the neurones were joined by the appearance of the supportive cells, the neuroglia. Arguably, these non-neuronal cells evolve into a more diversified cell family than the neurones are. The first ancestral neuroglia appeared in flatworms being mesenchymal in origin. In the nematode C. elegans proto-astrocytes/supportive glia of ectodermal origin emerged, albeit the ensheathment of axons by glial cells occurred later in prawns. The multilayered myelin occurred by convergent evolution of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in vertebrates above the jawless fishes. Nutritive partitioning of the brain from the rest of the body appeared in insects when the hemolymph-brain barrier, a predecessor of the blood-brain barrier was formed. The defensive cellular mechanism required specialisation of bona fide immune cells, microglia, a process that occurred in the nervous system of leeches, bivalves, snails, insects and above. In ascending phylogeny, new type of glial cells, such as scaffolding radial glia, appeared and as the bran sizes enlarged, the glia to neurone ratio increased. Humans possess some unique glial cells not seen in other animals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.