Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31583336›Full record

ArticlePain reports

Unique aspects of clinical trials of invasive therapies for chronic pain.

Steven P Cohen, Mark Wallace, Richard L Rauck, Brett R Stacey

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pain reports. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
5.4field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. [2025 Multidisciplinary International Working Group Consensus Practice Guidelines: Sacroiliac joint complex pain interpretation].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026
    Guideline
  2. Guideline
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Observational
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Frontiers in Pain Research: A Scope of Its Focus and Content.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2020
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Steven P CohenDepartment of Anesthesiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Mark WallaceDivision of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
Richard L RauckCenter for Clinical Research, Carolinas Pain Institute, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
Brett R StaceyUniversity of Washington Center for Pain Relief, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
University of California, San Diego · USUniversity of Washington · USWake Forest University · USWalter Reed National Military Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nearly all who review the literature conclude that the role of invasive procedures to treat chronic pain is poorly characterized because of the lack of "definitive" studies. The overt nature of invasive treatments, along with the risks, technical skills, and costs involved create challenges to study them. However, these challenges do not completely preclude evaluating invasive procedure effectiveness and safety using well-designed methods. This article reviews the challenges of studying outcomes of invasive therapies to treat pain and discuss possible solutions. Although the following discussion can apply to most invasive therapies to treat chronic pain, it is beyond the scope of the article to individually cover every invasive therapy used. Therefore, most of the examples focus on injection therapies to treat spine pain, spinal cord stimulation, and intrathecal drug therapies.

Indexed as

Chronic painClinical trialDesignInvasiveProcedures

Identifiers

PMID31583336
PMCPMC6749926
OpenAlexW2895645025

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.