ReviewTobacco induced diseases2019
The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems during pregnancy and the reproductive outcomes: A systematic review of the literature.
Review in Tobacco induced diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06297005 (The Impact of E-cigarettes During Pregnancy on Childhood Health Outcomes), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Impact of E-cigarettes During Pregnancy on Childhood Health Outcomes (ECHO) Study.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative effects of electronic cigarettes and dual use of electronic and conventional cigarettes on adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Chronic health effects associated with electronic cigarette use: A systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Vaping in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Pooled it
- The Effects of E-Cigarette Vapor Components on the Morphology and Function of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Nicotine in e-cigarette aerosol reduces GABA neuron migration via the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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- Vaporized nicotine in utero results in reduced birthweight, increased locomotion, and decreased voluntary exercise, dependent on sex and diet in offspring.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Preterm Birth, Developmental Smoke/Nicotine Exposure, and Life-Long Pulmonary Sequelae.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- E-cigarette use during pregnancy and its association with adverse birth outcomes in the US.Preventive medicine · 2023Article
- E-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Review
- Determination of nicotine in newborn meconium by high-Resolution ambient mass spectrometry using wooden-Tip spray.Frontiers in chemistry · 2023Article
- E-cigarette vapor exposure in utero causes long-term pulmonary effects in offspring.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2022Article
- Exposure-response analysis of the association of maternal smoking and use of electronic cigarettes (vaping) in relation to preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age in a national US sample, 2016-2018.Global epidemiology · 2022Article
- Risk and safety profile of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): an umbrella review to inform ENDS health communication strategies.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- Effects of prenatal alcohol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure via electronic cigarettes on motor development.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2022Article
- Changes in e-cigarette and cigarette use during pregnancy and their association with small-for-gestational-age birth.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Article
- A Model of Combined Exposure to Nicotine and TetrahydrocannabinolFrontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use during the third trimester of pregnancy in a national sample of heterosexual and sexual minority women.The American journal on addictions · 2021Article
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionUse of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among pregnant women is of great concern. To our knowledge the current literature provides conflicting views regarding the uncertainties of the effects of ENDS use during pregnancy on the health of the fetus.
methodsWe searched PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE, for the period 2007 to October 2017 for terms to identify publications on ENDS use during pregnancy and the reproductive outcomes. We updated the search for the period November 2017 to November 2018 using Ovid Medline. We obtained full text of articles and present a summary of the contents.
resultsWe found no studies of pregnant women exposed to ENDS use and its effect on their fetus or neonates. However, there is a growing body of experimental studies in animals that suggest that nicotine in ENDS alters DNA methylation, induces birth defects, reduces the birth weight, and affects the development of the heart and lungs of their offspring. A large population-based cohort study in the United States estimated that 5% of pregnant women were current ENDS users in 2014; most of them also smoked cigarettes. Surveys conducted among practitioners indicate that there is a need to screen and counsel pregnant women. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis of studies of women who used smokeless tobacco during pregnancy suggest that prenatal nicotine alone is a risk factor for low birth weight, premature delivery, and stillbirth.
conclusionsThere were no previous studies assessing the reproductive effects of ENDS use during pregnancy. However, prenatal exposure to nicotine is known to be harmful to the fetus and the pregnancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.