ArticleTobacco induced diseases2019
Microbiological and biochemical findings in relation to clinical periodontal status in active smokers, non-smokers and passive smokers.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Salivary Biomarkers of Periodontal Disease Based on Smoking Status: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Abnormal circ-CDK8 expression affects periodontitis development by regulating let-7b-5p/MAP4K3 signaling.Regenerative therapy · 2026Article
- Association Between Tobacco and Periodontal Disease in Latin America from 2000 to 2024: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Global Burden of Disease Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence, etiology and clinical characteristics of gingival recession in a sample of adult Egyptian dental patients: a cross sectional study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Periodontal pathogens and obesity in the context of cardiovascular risks across age groups.Frontiers in oral health · 2024Article
- Associations between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and oral health symptoms in adolescents.BMC oral health · 2022Article
- Association between Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Periodontal Bacteria: A Clinical Pilot Study.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Whole Salivary Cotinine Levels and Interleukin 1-β Levels among Young Adults Involuntarily Exposed to Vapor from Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2022Article
- The impact of smoking different tobacco types on the subgingival microbiome and periodontal health: a pilot study.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The Impact of Smoking on Subgingival Plaque and the Development of Periodontitis: A Literature Review.Frontiers in oral health · 2021Review
- Periodontal treatment outcomes in smokers: A narrative review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2021Review
- Periodontitis combined with smoking increases risk of the ulcerative colitis: A national cohort study.World journal of gastroenterology · 2020Article
- Flavorless vs. Flavored Electronic Cigarette-Generated Aerosol and E-Liquid on the Growth of Common Oral Commensal Streptococci.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- A Comparison of Flavorless Electronic Cigarette-Generated Aerosol and Conventional Cigarette Smoke on the Planktonic Growth of Common Oral Commensal Streptococci.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Evaluation of cardiac biomarkers in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis.International journal of health sciencesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCigarette users are more susceptible than non-smokers to periodontitis, a bacterial-induced, inflammation-driven, destructive disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth. We hypothesized that clinical periodontal findings and microbiological and/or inflammatory marker levels would be intermediate in those exposed to environmental tobacco smoke compared to active smokers and non-smokers.
methodsSixty individuals were recruited from a University periodontal clinic and assigned as non-smokers, active smokers or passive-smokers according to their self reports. Clinical periodontal measurements, comprising plaque index, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing, were recorded at six sites per tooth. Cotinine levels were determined in whole saliva samples by EIA.
resultsStudy groups were subsequently reassigned in accordance with the cotinine data. The smoker group exhibited higher mean PD and CAL values compared to the non-smoker group (p<0.05). Passive-smokers exhibited PD and CAL values smaller than those of the active smokers and greater than those of the non-smokers, but the differences were not statistically significant. PD and CAL values correlated with cotinine concentrations (p<0.05).
conclusionsThe present clinical periodontal findings provide further support for a negative, dose-related effect of tobacco exposure on periodontal health. The tendency for a more prevalent detection of
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.