ArticleTobacco induced diseases2019
A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of gradual versus abrupt smoking cessation.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- #EnufSnuff.TXT-FirstResponder: a pilot randomized controlled trial of a text message intervention for smokeless tobacco cessation among First Responders.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- An overview of systematic reviews on predictors of smoking cessation among young people.PloS one · 2024Review
- Attractor landscapes: a unifying conceptual model for understanding behaviour change across scales of observation.Health psychology review · 2023Article
- The Effects of Scheduled Smoking Reduction and Precessation Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Smoking Cessation: Randomized Controlled Trial With Compliance.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Indexing Quit-Smoking Interest among Norwegian Smokers 2019-2021.Journal of smoking cessation · 2023Article
- Smoking cessation aids and strategies: a population-based survey of former and current smokers in Norway.BMC public health · 2022Article
- User Experiences With an SMS Text Messaging Program for Smoking Cessation: Qualitative Study.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
- A call to ban the sale of tobacco products.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Abrupt versus gradual smoking cessation with pre-cessation varenicline therapy for Chinese treatment-seeking smokers: A retrospective, observational, cohort study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2022Article
- Neither NRT aided gradual cessation nor abrupt cessation is superior in producing long-term abstinence: Reconciling conflicting results from two recent meta-analyses.Tobacco induced diseases · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe aim of this review is to test whether a gradual reduction in smoking results in a superior quit rate compared to abrupt cessation.
methodsThis review was based on Cochrane methodology for conducting meta-analysis. Only randomized controlled trials were eligible for this review. The participants were adult smokers who were addicted to tobacco, defined as those who smoked at least 15 cigarettes or 12.5 grams of loose-leaf tobacco daily or who had an end-expiratory carbon monoxide concentration of at least 15 ppm. Both groups used an equal amount of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) before and after quitting smoking. The Review Manager Database (RevMan version 5.3) was used to analyze selected studies.
resultsThree randomized controlled trials involving 1607 patients were included. The prolonged abstinence rate of the gradual cessation group was significantly lower than that of the abrupt group (relative risk, RR=0.77). The result of 7-day smoking cessation rate was also lower in the gradual group (RR=0.76).
conclusionsComparing the combination of NRT and abrupt cessation, the smoking cessation rate of the combination of NRT and gradual cessation is significantly lower. No significant adverse events were found in either group.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.