Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31581549›Full record

ArticleNutrients2019

Exogenous Ketones Lower Blood Glucose Level in Rested and Exercised Rodent Models.

Csilla Ari, Cem Murdun, Andrew P Koutnik, Craig R Goldhagen, Christopher Rogers, Collin Park, Sahil Bharwani, David M Diamond, Mark S Kindy, Dominic P D'Agostino and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Csilla AriDepartment of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA. csari2000@yahoo.com.
Cem MurdunDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Andrew P KoutnikDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Craig R GoldhagenDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Christopher RogersDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Collin ParkDepartment of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
Sahil BharwaniDepartment of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
David M DiamondDepartment of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
Mark S KindyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
Dominic P D'AgostinoDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Zsolt KovácsSavaria Department of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Savaria University Centre, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary. kovacs.zsolt@sek.elte.hu.
University of South Florida · USEötvös Loránd University · HUFlorida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition · US

Funding

Glucose Transporter Type 1 Deficiency Foundation 6143109500National Development Agency of Hungary TIOP-1.3.1.-07/2-2F-2009-2008Quest Nutrition LLC 1255113300
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diseases involving inflammation and oxidative stress can be exacerbated by high blood glucose levels. Due to tight metabolic regulation, safely reducing blood glucose can prove difficult. The ketogenic diet (KD) reduces absolute glucose and insulin, while increasing fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, and circulating levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), acetoacetate (AcAc), and acetone. Compliance to KD can be difficult, so alternative therapies that help reduce glucose levels are needed. Exogenous ketones provide an alternative method to elevate blood ketone levels without strict dietary requirements. In this study, we tested the changes in blood glucose and ketone (βHB) levels in response to acute, sub-chronic, and chronic administration of various ketogenic compounds in either a post-exercise or rested state. WAG/Rij (WR) rats, a rodent model of human absence epilepsy, GLUT1 deficiency syndrome mice (GLUT1D), and wild type Sprague Dawley rats (SPD) were assessed. Non-pathological animals were also assessed across different age ranges. Experimental groups included KD, standard diet (SD) supplemented with water (Control, C) or with exogenous ketones: 1, 3-butanediol (BD), βHB mineral salt (KS), KS with medium chain triglyceride/MCT (KSMCT), BD acetoacetate diester (KE), KE with MCT (KEMCT), and KE with KS (KEKS). In rested WR rats, the KE, KS, KSMCT groups had lower blood glucose level after 1 h of treatment, and in KE and KSMCT groups after 24 h. After exercise, the KE, KSMCT, KEKS, and KEMCT groups had lowered glucose levels after 1 h, and in the KEKS and KEMCT groups after 7 days, compared to control. In GLUT1D mice without exercise, only KE resulted in significantly lower glucose levels at week 2 and week 6 during a 10 weeks long chronic feeding study. In 4-month and 1-year-old SPD rats in the post-exercise trials, blood glucose was significantly lower in KD and KE, and in KEMCT groups, respectively. After seven days, the KSMCT group had the most significantly reduced blood glucose levels, compared to control. These results indicate that exogenous ketones were efficacious in reducing blood glucose levels within and outside the context of exercise in various rodent models of different ages, with and without pathology.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsDiet, Ketogenic3-Hydroxybutyric AcidAcetoacetatesAnimalsBiomarkersBlood GlucoseButylene GlycolsCarbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn ErrorsDisease Models, AnimalDown-RegulationEpilepsy, AbsenceGlucose Transporter Type 1MaleMice, KnockoutMonosaccharide Transport Proteins1,3-butylene glycol3-Hydroxybutyric AcidAcetoacetatesacetoacetic acidBiomarkersBlood GlucoseButylene GlycolsGlucose Transporter Type 1Monosaccharide Transport ProteinsSlc2a1 protein, mouseblood glucoseblood ketoneexerciseexogenous ketone supplementsketogenic diet

Identifiers

PMID31581549
PMCPMC6835632
OpenAlexW2978747501

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.