ArticlePloS one2019
Management and glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at primary care level in Kedah, Malaysia: A statewide evaluation.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypertension in Adults With Diabetes in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Pooled it
- Intention of smartphone application usage in diabetes self-management and its associated factors among patients with diabetes: A cross-sectional study.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2025Article
- Glycaemic control and its related factors among people with type 2 diabetes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of high-level diabetes-related distress among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in northern Malaysian primary care settings: A cross-sectional study.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2025Article
- Baseline treatments and metabolic control of 288,913 type 2 diabetes patients in a 10-year retrospective cohort in Malaysia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Initiating or Switching to Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Malaysia: Results from a Prospective, Non-interventional Real-World Study.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2023Article
- Medication adherence, its associated factors and implication on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study in a Malaysian primary care clinic.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2023Article
- Cognitive perspective of osteoporosis among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Malaysian case.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2022Observational
- Developing, validating, and pre-testing of a diabetic care self-management mobile health application: A technology-based intervention for patients with diabetes in Malaysia.Belitung nursing journal · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionWhile Kedah has recorded the highest prevalence of diabetes among all the states in Malaysia, the information on the practice and effectiveness of disease management in public health institutions remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the management and glycemic control of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at the primary care level in Kedah.
methodsAll T2DM patients, who made at least one visit to any of the 58 public health clinics in Kedah during August 2016 and July 2017, were included in this study. The sample was selected from the National Diabetes Registry using the stratified random sampling method. The information on the demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and pharmacological treatment was gathered from medical records of patients. The differences in mean HbA1C levels across subgroups of each variable were tested using the general linear model. The evaluation of the appropriateness of treatment was performed based on the recommendations of the latest Clinical Practice Guidelines for T2DM.
resultsThe patients (n = 23,557) were mainly female (63.4%), of Malay ethnicity (80.1%) and middle-aged (62.2%), with a mean duration of T2DM of 6.2±7.16 years. Only 15.6% of them had a HbA1C level <6.5%, and 28.6% did not have their HbA1C levels tested over the 12-month period. Yet, the underutilization of combination treatment (≥2 antidiabetic agents) and insulin in the patients with a poor glycemic control was evident. Retinopathy emerged as the most prevalent diabetes-related complication (12.6%). Along with those with a longer duration of T2DM, the patients who were younger, female and of Indian ethnicity were found to generally have a poorer glycemic control.
conclusionThis study discloses the suboptimal T2DM management at the primary care level in Kedah, which warrants a statewide plan for improvement.
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