ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2019
Drug overdose mortality among residents of single room occupancy buildings in San Francisco, California, 2010-2017.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of housing stress with later substance use outcomes: A systematic review.Addictive behaviors · 2021Pooled it
- Perception and Correlates of Opioid Overdose Risk Among Overdose Survivors Who Use Nonprescribed Opioids in San Francisco and Boston.Substance use & addiction journal · 2024Trial
- Encampment sweeps and persistent homelessness among unhoused people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada: A prospective cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Community-level perceptions of housing services for people with opioid use disorder: a qualitative analysis of community stakeholders in the HEALing communities study.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of overdose from unintentional fentanyl use when intending to use stimulants: a qualitative study of people who use stimulants and avoid opioids.Research square · 2026Article
- Challenges and opportunities in embedding core components of substance use health care into Housing First programs.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Understanding overdose risk and response in permanent supportive housing: results of focus groups with tenants, staff, and leaders.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- Acceptability and perceived feasibility of restroom motion sensors for overdose detection and response in public bathrooms: A cross-sectional study of businesses and community organizations.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- "It's something we're connected to": Acceptability and adoption of overdose detection technologies implemented in San Francisco permanent supportive housing.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Programmatic, Environmental, and Temporal Predictors of Violence, Overdose, and Self-Injury in Homeless Shelters in Toronto, Canada, 2012-2021.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- A community-academic partnership to develop an implementation support package for overdose prevention in permanent supportive housing.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Using drugs alone in single room occupancy housing: Understanding environmental drivers of overdose risk.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Radical hospitality: Innovative programming to build community and meet the needs of people who use drugs at a government-sanctioned overdose prevention site in San Francisco, California.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Using alone at home: What's missing in housing-based responses to the overdose crisis?Harm reduction journal · 2024Review
- Managing high-risk behaviours and challenges to prevent housing loss in permanent supportive housing: a rapid review.Harm reduction journal · 2023Review
- Housing-based syringe services programs to improve access to safer injecting equipment for people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada: a spatially oriented qualitative study.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- State-level homelessness and drug overdose mortality: Evidence from US panel data.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- The POP (Permanent Supportive Housing Overdose Prevention) Study: protocol for a hybrid type 3 stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial.Implementation science : IS · 2023Article
- Implementation of a Leave-behind Naloxone Program in San Francisco: A One-year Experience.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2022Article
- Non-fatal stimulant overdose among homeless and unstably housed women in San Francisco, California.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSingle room occupancy (SRO) buildings, also known as residential hotels, are a form of affordable housing common to cities in North America, and residents of these buildings face elevated rates of substance use, physical and mental multimorbidity, and mortality. Identifying distinct populations at greater risk of overdose death is crucial to the planning of interventions aiming to reduce drug-related mortality, yet no studies have assessed the population burden of overdose mortality among SRO residents. The present study quantifies and characterizes drug overdose mortality among residents of SRO buildings in a large U.S. city.
methodsWe used mortality records and a database of SRO buildings to calculate rate ratios comparing overdose mortality due to opioids, cocaine, and methamphetamine among SRO residents and non-SRO residents in San Francisco, CA 2010-2017 and assessed bivariate differences in decedent and death location characteristics between SRO resident and other overdose decedents.
resultsThere were 1,551 overdose deaths during the study period, with an overall rate of 21.3 per 100,000 residents (95%CI = 20.2-22.6). The rate among SRO residents (278.7, 95%CI = 252.9-306.5) was 19.3 (95%CI = 17.1-21.7) times that of non-SRO residents (21.3, 95%CI = 20.2-22.6). An additional 79 (5%) deaths among non-residents occurred in SRO buildings, and 86% of SRO resident decedents died at home compared to 64% of non-SRO residents (p < 0.05).
conclusionsOverdose mortality was substantially higher among SRO residents, who were also more likely to die from overdose at home, which highlights the need for resources and targeted interventions directed towards residents of SRO buildings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.