ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2019
Comparison of intranasal versus intravenous midazolam for management of status epilepticus in dogs: A multi-center randomized parallel group clinical study.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Multispecies Systematic and Critical Review of Intranasal Administration in Veterinary Anaesthesia and Emergency Care: Promising Evidence and Overlooked Challenges.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Pooled it
- Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Intranasal Levetiracetam in Healthy Dogs.Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of alfaxalone compared to propofol in canine refractory status epilepticus: a pilot study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Out-of-hospital rescue medication in dogs with emergency seizure disorders: an owner perspective.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Pharmacokinetics of intravenous, oral transmucosal, and intranasal buprenorphine in healthy male dogs.Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics · 2022Article
- Advancements in drug delivery methods for the treatment of brain disease.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
- Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol Following Intranasal, Intrarectal, and Oral Administration in Healthy Dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- First-line management of canine status epilepticus at home and in hospital-opportunities and limitations of the various administration routes of benzodiazepines.BMC veterinary research · 2021Review
- Intravenous Ketamine Bolus(es) for the Treatment of Status Epilepticus, Refractory Status Epilepticus, and Cluster Seizures: A Retrospective Study of 15 Dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Continuous rate infusion of midazolam as emergent treatment for seizures in dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2021Article
- Intranasal midazolam for treating acute respiratory crises in a woman with stiff person syndrome.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2020Article
- Comparison of intranasal versus intravenous midazolam for management of status epilepticus in dogs: A multi-center randomized parallel group clinical study.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2019Article
- Intranasal midazolam as an alternative to rectal diazepam for management of canine status epilepticus.Veterinary evidenceReview
- ACVIM Consensus Statement on the management of status epilepticus and cluster seizures in dogs and cats.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 13 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe intranasal (IN) route for rapid drug administration in patients with brain disorders, including status epilepticus, has been investigated. Status epilepticus is an emergency, and the IN route offers a valuable alternative to other routes, especially when these fail.
objectivesTo compare IN versus IV midazolam (MDZ) at the same dosage (0.2 mg/kg) for controlling status epilepticus in dogs. ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs (n = 44) with idiopathic epilepsy, structural epilepsy, or epilepsy of unknown origin manifesting as status epilepticus.
methodsRandomized parallel group clinical trial. Patients were randomly allocated to the IN-MDZ (n = 21) or IV-MDZ (n = 23) group. Number of successfully treated cases (defined as seizure cessation within 5 minutes and lasting for ≥10 minutes), seizure cessation time, and adverse effects were recorded. Comparisons were performed using the Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests with statistical significance set at α < .05.
resultsIN-MDZ and IV-MDZ successfully stopped status epilepticus in 76% and 61% of cases, respectively (P = .34). The median seizure cessation time was 33 and 64 seconds for IN-MDZ and IV-MDZ, respectively (P = .63). When the time to place an IV catheter was taken into account, IN-MDZ (100 seconds) was superior (P = .04) to IV-MDZ (270 seconds). Sedation and ataxia were seen in 88% and 79% of the dogs treated with IN-MDZ and IV-MDZ, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Both routes are quick, safe, and effective for controlling status epilepticus. However, the IN route demonstrated superiority when the time needed to place an IV catheter was taken into account.
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