ReviewActa bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis2019
Autoimmune diseases in Turner syndrome: an overview.
Review in Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalence of autoimmune diseases in turner syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Patients With Turner Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- The X Factor in Immunity: Sex Differences Shaped by the X Chromosome.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Celiac disease and metabolic syndrome: from risk to a preventive opportunity, in the perspective of children's health.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Turner syndrome: the promise of fertility via stem cell technology.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025Review
- Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis in Turner Syndrome with 45,X/46,X,idic(X)(p11.4) Mosaics.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Decoding sex differences in human immunity through systems immunology.Oxford open immunology · 2025Review
- Visual Impairment in Women with Turner Syndrome-A 49-Year Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- New and old criteria for diagnosing celiac disease: do they really differ? A retrospective observational study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Observational
- Autoimmune Disease in Turner Syndrome in Sweden: An up to 25 Years' Controlled Follow-up Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Immune dynamics throughout life in relation to sex hormones and perspectives gained from gender-affirming hormone therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Turner Syndrome Mosaicism after Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease-A High Index of Clinical Suspicion Required?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Immunological evaluation of young unvaccinated patients with Turner syndrome after COVID-19.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Article
- Turner Syndrome: Ocular Manifestations and Considerations for Corneal Refractive Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Hypogonadism in adolescent girls: treatment and long-term effects.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Article
- Liver Abnormalities in Turner Syndrome: The Importance of Estrogen Replacement.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022Review
- Article
- Investigation of hub genes involved in Turner syndrome using biological informatics methods.Medicine · 2022Article
- Genetic conditions of short stature: A review of three classic examples.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Variations inInternational journal of general medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) results from a sex-chromosomal anomaly characterized by presence of one normal X chromosome and the loss of the second X-chromosome in phenotypic females. Autoimmunity has been recognized as one of the more prominent characteristics of TS. The risk of autoimmune diseases in patients with TS is approximately twice as high as in the general female population. The spectrum includes, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, coeliac disease (CD), type 1 diabetes (T1DM), alopecia areata, inflammatory bowel disease, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and some cutaneous disorders as vitiligo and Halo nevus. This review will address the autoimmune disorders associated with TS, their pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical characteristics.
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Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.