ArticlePain reports
The relationship between guarding, pain, and emotion.
Article in Pain reports. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Trajectory of Mood States in Patients with Chronic Pain: A Retrospective Observational Study of Within-Session Evaluations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- [Psychosocial factors in pain and pain management : A statement].Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Review
- Coping and Beliefs as Predictors of Functioning and Psychological Adjustment in Fibromyalgia Subgroups.Pain research & management · 2022Article
- Pain among Individuals with Chronic Respiratory Diseases Attending Pulmonary Rehabilitation.Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada · 2021Article
- Automated Assessment of Pain: Prospects, Progress, and a Path Forward.ICMI '21 companion : companion publication of the 2021 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction : October 18th-22, 2021, Montreal, Canada. ICMI (Conference) (23rd : 2021 : Montreal, Quebec; Online) · 2021Article
- Massage for Combat Injuries in Veteran with Undisclosed PTSD: a Retrospective Case Report.International journal of therapeutic massage & bodywork · 2021Article
- Investigating the Role of Ly6GFrontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Fear of movement is associated with corticomotor depression in response to acute experimental muscle pain.Experimental brain research · 2020Article
- A Review of the Theoretical Fascial Models: Biotensegrity, Fascintegrity, and Myofascial Chains.Cureus · 2020Review
- Persistence of pain in humans and other mammals.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPain-related behavior in people with chronic pain is often overlooked in a focus on increasing the amount of activity, yet it may limit activity and maintain pain and disability. Targeting it in treatment requires better understanding of the role of beliefs, emotion, and pain in pain behavior.
objectivesThis study aimed to clarify the interrelationships between guarding, pain, anxiety, and confidence in movement in people with chronic pain in everyday movements.
methodsPhysiotherapists rated extent of guarding on videos of people with chronic pain and healthy controls making specific movements. Bayesian modelling was used to determine how guarding was related to self-reported pain intensity, anxiety, and emotional distress, and observer-rated confidence in movement.
resultsThe absence of guarding was associated with low levels of pain, anxiety, distress, and higher movement self-efficacy, but guarding behavior occurred at high and low levels of each of those variables. Guarding was not directly dependent on pain but on anxiety; the relationship between pain and guarding was mediated by anxiety, with a high probability. Nor was guarding directly related to the broader distress score, but to self-efficacy for movement, again with a high probability.
conclusionPain-related guarding is more likely to be effectively addressed by intervention to reduce anxiety rather than pain (such as analgesia); more attention to
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.