ArticleJournal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie2019
Effect of in vitro aging by water immersion and thermocycling on the mechanical properties of PETG aligner material.
Article in Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Ageing effects on chemical, physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of clear aligners - a systematic review.Progress in orthodontics · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of clear aligners - a systematic review.Evidence-based dentistry · 2024Pooled it
- Femtosecond laser-induced micro/nanostructures loaded with silver nanoparticles on clear aligners prevent bacterial infection.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Dimensional behaviors of direct-printed versus thermoformed clear retainers in relation to changes of inter-piece occlusal contact distribution measured by T-scan after intraoral aging: a prospective clinical study.Progress in orthodontics · 2026Article
- 3D volumetric changes and force delivery at the attachment region of different aligner materials.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Measurement of Aligner Thickness and Gap Width in Two Types of Clear Aligner Sheets Manufactured Using Two Different Thermoforming Machines - A Nano-CT Pilot Study.Turkish journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Influence of Water Storage on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Aligners: An In Vitro Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Structural Stability of Silicone-Based Elastodontic Appliances After Clinical Use: Insights from FTIR Spectroscopy.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Bruxism Simulation in Aligner Therapy: Effects on Restored Posterior Teeth.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of thermomechanical aging on force system of orthodontic aligners made of different thermoformed materials : An in vitro study.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2025Article
- Force distributions associated with different elastic traction methods for maxillary dentition distalization by clear aligners: an in-vitro study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Chemical, optical, and morphological properties of TPU and PET-G samples after aging in artificial saliva: an in vitro study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- The Mechanical Properties of Orthodontic Aligners of Clear Aligner After Intraoral Use in Different Time Periods.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2025Article
- Effects of simulated intraoral temperatures and wet environments on the stress relaxation properties of thermoplastic aligner materials.Head & face medicine · 2025Article
- MAMA-Mandibular Advancement Magnetic Appliance: A Digital Workflow and a CAD-CAM Development of a New Mandibular Advancement Device for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Optical Behavior of Clear Thermoplastic Dental Materials in a Simulated Oral Environment.Polymers · 2025Article
- Mechanical Behaviour of Orthodontic Auxiliary Photopolymerisable Resins in Simulated Oral Conditions: An In Vitro Study.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- The effect of bleaching agent on the compressive strength of orthodontic thermoplastic retainer materials.Dental research journal · 2025Article
- Effect of thermomechanical ageing on force transmission by orthodontic aligners made of different thermoformed materials: An experimental study.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe mechanical properties of orthodontic aligners made from thermoplastic polymers decrease over time in the intraoral milieu. However, there is a lack of information on this topic in the literature. Thus, the elastic properties of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) aligner films were investigated in vitro under extreme temperature changes simulated by thermocycling, environmental temperature and water absorption. MATERIALS AND
methodsA total of 60 specimens made from PETG aligner films (CA Clear Aligner, Scheu Dental, Iserlohn, Germany) were divided into three groups (immersed in distilled water, subjected to accelerated ageing by thermocycling, control). These groups were again divided and tensile testing was performed for all groups at 22 and at 37 °C. Young's modulus (E), 0.2% offset yield strength (R
resultsAll treated specimens showed water absorption, whereby specimens that were thermocycled absorbed 48% more water than the immersed ones. Young's modulus and UTS were significantly lower for all three groups at 37 °C compared to the corresponding groups tested at 22 °C. Thermocycled and immersed groups showed a significantly lower Young's modulus compared to the control group tested at the same temperature. The mean R
conclusionsThe results of this study add to the understanding of the clinically well-known degradation of orthodontic aligners during wear time. Extreme alternating temperatures along with warming up to intraoral temperature and water absorption can reduce the material's Young's modulus and may therefore promote a decrease of resulting orthodontic forces.
Indexed as
Identifiers
31578595What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.