ArticleJCI insight2019
The national MD-PhD program outcomes study: Outcomes variation by sex, race, and ethnicity.
Article in JCI insight, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
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- Residency matches of MD-PhD versus MD-only students: compatibility with continued research momentum.JCI insight · 2026Article
- The National MD-PhD Program Outcomes Study: career paths followed by Black and Hispanic graduates.JCI insight · 2024Article
- The National MD-PhD Program Outcomes Study: career paths followed by Black and Hispanic graduates.JCI insight · 2024Article
- How to diversify the dwindling physician-scientist workforce after the US affirmative action ban.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Fall into science: increasing opportunities to enter the physician-scientist pathway.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Changes in self-confidence in professional, personal, and scientific skills by gender during physician-scientist training at the University of Pittsburgh.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- Strategies to achieve gender equity in nephrology.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2023Article
- The impact of underrepresented minority or marginalized identity status on training outcomes of MD-PhD students.BMC medical education · 2023Review
- Gender differences in peer reviewed grant applications, awards, and amounts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Research integrity and peer review · 2023Review
- Article
- New insights into an old question: can the MD-PhD physician-scientist pipeline be improved?JCI insight · 2022Article
- Predoctoral MD-PhD grants as indicators of future NIH funding success.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Gaps between college and starting an MD-PhD program are adding years to physician-scientist training time.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Training Physician‒Scientists for Careers in Investigative Dermatology.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2022Review
- A novel curricular framework to develop grant writing skills among MD-PhD students.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2022Article
- Assessment of clinical continuity strategies offered by dual-degree training programs in the USA.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2022Article
- Article
- Cultural and linguistic adaptation of psychosocial measurements for latinx participants-Leveraging community-engaged research methods.Research in nursing & health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2015, a nation-wide effort was launched to track the careers of over 10,000 MD-PhD program graduates. Data were obtained by surveys sent to alumni, inquiries sent to program directors, and searches in American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) databases. Here, we present an analysis of the data, focusing on the impact of sex, race, and ethnicity on career outcomes. The results show that diversity among trainees has increased since the earliest MD-PhD programs, although it still lags considerably behind the US population. Training duration, which includes time to graduation as well as time to first independent position, was similar for men and women and for minority and nonminority alumni, as were most choices of medical specialties. Regardless of minority status and sex, most survey responders reported that they are working in academia, research institutes, federal agencies, or industry. These similarities were, however, accompanied by several noteworthy differences: (a) Based on AAMC Faculty Roster data rather than survey responses, women were less likely than men to have had a full-time faculty appointment, (b) minorities who graduated after 1985 had a longer average time to degree than nonminorities, (c) fewer women and minorities have NIH grants, (d) fewer women reported success in moving from a mentored to an independent NIH award, and (e) women in the most recent graduation cohort reported spending less time on research than men. Collectively, these results suggest that additional efforts need to be made to recruit women and minorities into MD-PhD programs and, once recruited, to understand the drivers behind the differences that have emerged in their career paths.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.