ArticleBMJ open2019
Assessing the impact of rising child poverty on the unprecedented rise in infant mortality in England, 2000-2017: time trend analysis.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The impact of income-support interventions on life course risk factors and health outcomes during childhood: a systematic review in high income countries.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Children's nutritional health and wellbeing in food insecure households in Europe: A qualitative meta-ethnography.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review of the effectiveness of the health inequalities strategy in England between 1999 and 2010.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Socioeconomic inequalities and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the UK and Republic of Ireland: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2021Pooled it
- Austerity policy and child health in European countries: a systematic literature review.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Assessing the impact of social determinants of health on rising preterm birth trends in England. A longitudinal ecological study, 2012-17.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Social Inequalities in Infant Mortality Related to Congenital Anomalies: A Population-Based Register Study.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
- Maternal socioeconomic status and neonatal mortality in OECD countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Article
- Child poverty and declining measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination in England, 2015 to 2024. A longitudinal ecological study at local area level.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Child health and social care outcomes in large households: a population-based linked-data study in Northwest London.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Parental Self-Efficacy in Managing Pediatrics' Medications and Treatments in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The impacts of Liverpool Citizen's Advice on Prescription (CAP) on mental health outcomes- an Instrumental Variable (IV) approach.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- The safety net and child health and well-being: evidence from the United States and the United Kingdom.Fiscal studies · 2025Article
- Identifying households with children who have complex needs: a segmentation model for integrated care systems.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Evaluation of area based socioeconomic inequalities and neonatal mortality rates in France: national population based study.BMJ medicine · 2025Article
- Wider determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Birmingham and Solihull.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- "They pulled that funding away and we're not recovering. it's getting worse": deaths of despair in post-austerity north east England.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- "They're not mentally ill, their lives are just shit": Stakeholders' understanding of deaths of despair in a deindustrialised community in North East England.Health & place · 2024Article
- Intersecting ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in infant mortality in England, 2007-2019.Archives of disease in childhood · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether there were inequalities in the sustained rise in infant mortality in England in recent years and the contribution of rising child poverty to these trends.
designThis is an analysis of trends in infant mortality in local authorities grouped into five categories (quintiles) based on their level of income deprivation. Fixed-effects regression models were used to quantify the association between regional changes in child poverty and regional changes in infant mortality.
setting324 English local authorities in 9 English government office regions.
participantsLive-born children under 1 year of age.
main outcome measureInfant mortality rate, defined as the number of deaths in children under 1 year of age per 100 000 live births in the same year.
resultsThe sustained and unprecedented rise in infant mortality in England from 2014 to 2017 was not experienced evenly across the population. In the most deprived local authorities, the previously declining trend in infant mortality reversed and mortality rose, leading to an additional 24 infant deaths per 100 000 live births per year (95% CI 6 to 42), relative to the previous trend. There was no significant change from the pre-existing trend in the most affluent local authorities. As a result, inequalities in infant mortality increased, with the gap between the most and the least deprived local authority areas widening by 52 deaths per 100 000 births (95% CI 36 to 68). Overall from 2014 to 2017, there were a total of 572 excess infant deaths (95% CI 200 to 944) compared with what would have been expected based on historical trends. We estimated that each 1% increase in child poverty was significantly associated with an extra 5.8 infant deaths per 100 000 live births (95% CI 2.4 to 9.2). The findings suggest that about a third of the increases in infant mortality between 2014 and 2017 can be attributed to rising child poverty (172 deaths, 95% CI 74 to 266).
conclusionThis study provides evidence that the unprecedented rise in infant mortality disproportionately affected the poorest areas of the country, leaving the more affluent areas unaffected. Our analysis also linked the recent increase in infant mortality in England with rising child poverty, suggesting that about a third of the increase in infant mortality from 2014 to 2017 may be attributed to rising child poverty.
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