Trial reportMedicine2019
Tongue strengthening exercise is effective in improving the oropharyngeal muscles associated with swallowing in community-dwelling older adults in South Korea: A randomized trial.
Trial report in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of IOPI on Swallowing Function and Functional Status in Geriatric Patients
Effect of Tongue-to-Palate Resistance Training on Penetration-Aspiration Scale and Suprahyoid Muscle Electrical Activity in Geriatric Patients With Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for older adults with oral frailty: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of tongue strengthening exercises on tongue muscle strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Multidirectional Head Lift Exercise Based on Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Techniques on Oropharyngeal Swallowing Muscles in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Oral Frailty.Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Comparison of 2 types of therapeutic exercise: jaw opening exercise and head lift exercise for dysphagic stroke: A pilot study.Medicine · 2020Trial
- Swallowing Muscle Ultrasonography in Children With Cerebral Palsy and Dysphagia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Article
- Effects of an oral exercise intervention on pre-frailty or frailty in older people: a randomized clinical trial.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- The neurorehabilitation of post-stroke dysphagia: Physiology and pathophysiology.The Journal of physiology · 2025Review
- A Novel Exercise to Improve Suprahyoid Muscle Area and Intensity as Evaluated by Ultrasonography.Dysphagia · 2024Article
- Review
- Ultrasonography for Eating and Swallowing Assessment: A Narrative Review of Integrated Insights for Noninvasive Clinical Practice.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Effects of tongue strengthening exercises in healthy adults and elderly: an integrative literature review.CoDAS · 2023Review
- Quantitative Measurement of Swallowing Performance Using Iowa Oral Performance Instrument: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Analyses of Swallowing Function and Its Related Factors in Community-Dwelling Elderly Patients: A Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Correlation Between Maximal Tongue Pressure and Swallowing Function in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Effect of Dysphagia Rehabilitation Using Kinesiology Taping on Oropharyngeal Muscle Hypertrophy in Post-Stroke Patients: A Double Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Effects of Physical Rehabilitation and Nutritional Intake Management on Improvement in Tongue Strength in Sarcopenic Patients.Nutrients · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTongue strengthening exercise (TSE) is a remedial method for the training of swallowing-related muscles in the oropharyngeal phase. However, clinical evidence of its effectiveness is insufficient.
methodsTo investigate the effect of TSE on the oropharyngeal muscles associated with swallowing in older adults, in this study, 40 elder adults living in the community were recruited and assigned to 2 groups. The experimental group performed a TSE with a 1-repetition maximum resistance level of 70%. The exercise was divided into an isometric and isotonic part. The control group did not perform an exercise. We measured the muscle strength and thickness of the tongue and suprahyoid muscles using an Iowa Oral Performance Instrument and ultrasonography.
resultsThe experimental group showed a statistically significant increase in tongue muscle strength and thickness in the oral phase (P = .001 and <.001, respectively). In the pharyngeal phase, the experimental group showed a statistically significant increase in the mylohyoid and digastric muscles (suprahyoid muscles) (P = .045 and .019, respectively). The control group showed no statistically significant changes.
conclusionTSE is effective in increasing the strength and thickness of the oropharyngeal muscles of elder adults and is recommended for those who are vulnerable to swallowing difficulties.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.