ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2020
Ingested Nitrate and Nitrite and Bladder Cancer in Northern New England.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- "We adjusted for race": now what? A systematic review of utilization and reporting of race in American Journal of Epidemiology and Epidemiology, 2020-2021.Epidemiologic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Association between Dietary Nitrate, Nitrite Intake, and Site-Specific Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Urinary Angiogenin as a Marker for Bladder Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.BioMed research international · 2021Pooled it
- Associations between a mixture of trace elements and bladder cancer occurrence: A study of possible reverse causation.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Current Innovations in Meat Fermentation with a View to Producing More Sustainable, Healthier and Safer Products.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- RASSF1A and its epigenetic dysregulation in genitourinary cancer: a current update.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Article
- The association between all-cause mortality with drinking habits and water sources: a nationwide longitudinal study on Chinese elderly.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Human health risk assessment of nitrate in repeatedly boiled water using Univariate regression and Monte Carlo simulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Interplay of KIR2DL5, nitric oxide, and tobacco smoking in predisposition to bladder cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Source-specific nitrate intake and all-cause mortality in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Modeling Historic Arsenic Exposures and Spatial Risk for Bladder Cancer.Statistics in biosciences · 2024Article
- US drinking water quality: exposure risk profiles for seven legacy and emerging contaminants.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Review
- Reduction of carcinogens in fermented fish (pla-ra and pla-som) by heating.Veterinary world · 2023Article
- Cancer Epidemiology in the Northeastern United States (2013-2017).Cancer research communications · 2023Article
- Highly Sensitive Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensor for Nitrite Assay in Waters.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Exposure to nitrosatable drugs during pregnancy and childhood cancer: A matched case-control study in Denmark, 1996-2016.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2023Article
- Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts, Ingested Nitrate, and Risk of Endometrial Cancer in Postmenopausal Women.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Article
- Environmental Factors Involved in the High Incidence of Bladder Cancer in an Industrialized Area in North-Eastern Spain.Journal of environmental and public health · 2022Article
- Can Aspirin Use Be Associated With the Risk or Prognosis of Bladder Cancer? A Case-Control Study and Meta-analytic Assessment.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundN-nitroso compounds are hypothesized human bladder carcinogens. We investigated ingestion of N-nitroso compound precursors nitrate and nitrite from drinking water and diet and bladder cancer in the New England Bladder Cancer Study.
methodsUsing historical nitrate measurements for public water supplies and measured and modeled values for private wells, as well as self-reported water intake, we estimated average nitrate concentrations (mg/L NO3-N) and average daily nitrate intake (mg/d) from 1970 to diagnosis/reference date (987 cases and 1,180 controls). We estimated overall and source-specific dietary nitrate and nitrite intakes using a food frequency questionnaire (1,037 cases and 1,225 controls). We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We evaluated interactions with factors that may affect N-nitroso compound formation (i.e., red meat, vitamin C, smoking), and with water intake.
resultsAverage drinking water nitrate concentration above the 95th percentile (>2.07 mg/L) compared with the lowest quartile (≤0.21 mg/L) was associated with bladder cancer (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.97, 2.3; P trend = 0.01); the association was similar for average daily drinking water nitrate intake. We observed positive associations for dietary nitrate and nitrite intakes from processed meat (highest versus lowest quintile OR for nitrate = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0, 2.0; P trend = 0.04; OR for nitrite = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0, 2.1; P trend = 0.04, respectively), but not other dietary sources. We observed positive interactions between drinking water nitrate and red meat (P-interaction 0.05) and processed red meat (0.07).
conclusionsOur results suggest the importance of both drinking water and dietary nitrate sources as risk factors for bladder cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.