ReviewCurrent opinion in neurology2019
Complications associated with immunotherapy for brain metastases.
Review in Current opinion in neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinct immune landscapes characterize highly versus minimally invasive brain metastases.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Patients with Brain Metastases from Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Emerging Mechanisms and Personalized Clinical Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Incidence and Outcomes of Brain Metastasis in Pleural Mesothelioma in the Era of Immunotherapy.JTO clinical and research reports · 2025Article
- B cell immunity and therapeutic opportunities in brain metastases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases with and without concomitant immunotherapy: comparison of patient outcome and neurotoxicity.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Automated identification and quantification of metastatic brain tumors and perilesional edema based on a deep learning neural network.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Article
- An Overview of Systemic Targeted Therapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma, with a Focus on Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma and Brain Metastases.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Lenvatinib or anti-VEGF in combination with anti-PD-1 differentially augments antitumor activity in melanoma.JCI insight · 2023Article
- The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with intracranial metastatic disease.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Review
- TME-targeted approaches of brain metastases and its clinical therapeutic evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Emerging Studies of Melanoma Brain Metastasis.Current oncology reports · 2022Review
- The Strategies and Mechanisms of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Brain Metastases in NSCLC.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Review
- Incidence and characteristics of metastatic intracranial lesions in stage III and IV melanoma: a single institute retrospective analysis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2021Article
- Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases: Clinical Challenges and Future Directions.Cancers · 2021Review
- Single- and Multifraction Stereotactic Radiosurgery Dose/Volume Tolerances of the Brain.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2021Review
- Challenging Hurdles of Current Targeting in Glioblastoma: A Focus on Immunotherapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Clinical Significance of PDCD4 in Melanoma by Subcellular Expression and in Tumor-Associated Immune Cells.Cancers · 2021Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewMedian survival after the diagnosis of brain metastases has historically been on the order of months. With the recent development of immune checkpoint inhibitors, intracranial activity and durable responses have been observed in brain metastases on multiple phase 2 clinical trials, which have primarily been conducted in patients with melanoma. Immune-related adverse events related to checkpoint inhibitor therapy of brain metastasis can present unique challenges for the clinician and underscore the need for a multidisciplinary team in the care of these patients. The goal of this review is to address the current knowledge, limitations of understanding, and future directions in research regarding immune therapy trials and neurologic toxicities based on retrospective, prospective, and case studies. RECENT
findingsImmune therapy has the potential to exacerbate symptomatic edema and increase the risk of radiation necrosis in previously irradiated lesions. Neurologic toxicities will likely increase in prevalence as more patients with brain metastatic disease are eligible for immune therapy. SUMMARY: An improved understanding and heightened awareness of the unique neurologic toxicities that impact this patient group is vital for mitigating treatment-related morbidity and mortality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.