Observational studyMedicine2019
Increased perihematomal neuron autophagy and plasma thrombin-antithrombin levels in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: An observational study.
Observational study in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathological mechanisms and future therapeutic directions of thrombin in intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Lactylation and N6-Methyladenosine RNA modification in neuropsychiatric sequelae after intracerebral hemorrhage: a hypothesis-generating metabolic-glial-circuit framework.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Microglial Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential in Brain Injury Post-Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Review
- The Regulated Cell Death and Potential Interventions in Preterm Infants after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Effects of Thrombin on the Neurovascular Unit in Cerebral Ischemia.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
- Orexin-A exerts neuroprotective effect in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage by suppressing autophagyFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Modes of Brain Cell Death Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Autophagy regulates inflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage: Enemy or friend?Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Ibrutinib ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through autophagy activation and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in diabetic mice.Bioengineered · 2021Article
- Thrombin aggravates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of astrocytes by activating the autophagy pathway mediated by SPRED2.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Inhibition of PTEN Ameliorates Secondary Hippocampal Injury and Cognitive Deficits after Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Involvement of AKT/FoxO3a/ATG-Mediated Autophagy.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Article
- Biological Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide and Its Protective Role in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2020Review
- Autophagy-Associated lncRNAs: Promising Targets for Neurological Disease Diagnosis and Therapy.Neural plasticity · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Animal studies have demonstrated that autophagy was involved in neuronal damage after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Several studies showed thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) plasma levels were elevated in patients with ICH. In this study, we aimed to evaluate if autophagy occurred in patients with ICH; and the relationship between the severity of brain injury and plasma TAT levels.A novel tissue harvesting device was used during hematoma removal surgery to collect loose fragments of tissue surrounding the affected brain area in 27 ICH patients with hematoma volumes of >30 mL in the basal ganglia. Control tissues were obtained from patients who underwent surgery for arteriovenous malformation (n = 25). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemistry for autophagy-related proteins were used to evaluate the ultrastructural and morphologic cellular characteristics; and the extent of autophagy in the recovered tissue specimens. Stroke severity was assessed by using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure plasma TAT levels.Transmission electron microscopy showed autophagosomes and autolysosomes exist in neurons surrounding the hematoma, but not in the control tissues. The number of cells containing autophagic vacuoles correlated with the severity of brain injury. Immunohistochemistry showed strong LC3, beclin 1, and cathepsin D staining in ICH tissue specimens. Plasma TAT levels correlated positively with autophagic cells and ICH severity (P < .01).Autophagy was induced in perihematomal neurons after ICH. Autophagy and plasma TAT levels correlated positively with severity of brain injury. These results suggest that autophagy and increased plasma TAT levels may contribute to the secondary damage in ICH patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.