ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Flow Cytometry for Diagnosis of Primary Immune Deficiencies-A Tertiary Center Experience From North India.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- A case of gastrointestinal tuberculosis in a 3-mo-old infant with profound immunodeficiency.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Pulmonary Manifestations of Inborn Errors of Immunity: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Insights.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Clinicopathological and Immunogenetic Characterization in 8 Patients with Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Type 2: A Study from North India with Literature Review.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Review
- Application and interpretation of immunophenotyping data in safety and risk assessment.Frontiers in toxicology · 2024Review
- Flow cytometry-based diagnostic approach for inborn errors of immunity: experience from Algeria.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Utility of targeted next generation sequencing for inborn errors of immunity at a tertiary care centre in North India.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Flow cytometry optimizing the diagnostic approach in inborn errors of immunity: experience from Egypt.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2022Article
- Features of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Infants With Severe Combined Immunodeficiency: Our Experience From Chandigarh, North India.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- NovelBioMed research international · 2022Article
- Leveraging Systems Immunology to Optimize Diagnosis and Treatment of Inborn Errors of Immunity.Frontiers in systems biology · 2022Article
- Utility of Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence in Determining the Pathogenic Variants of Chronic Granulomatous Disease.Journal of clinical immunology · 2022Article
- A Critical Review on the Standardization and Quality Assessment of Nonfunctional Laboratory Tests Frequently Used to Identify Inborn Errors of Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Clinical, Immunological, and Molecular Profile of Chronic Granulomatous Disease: A Multi-Centric Study of 236 Patients From India.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Clinical, Immunological, and Molecular Features of Severe Combined Immune Deficiency: A Multi-Institutional Experience From India.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Current Perspectives and Unmet Needs of Primary Immunodeficiency Care in Asia Pacific.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Flow cytometry has emerged as a useful technology that has facilitated our understanding of the human immune system. Primary immune deficiency disorders (PIDDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders affecting the immune system. More than 350 genes causing various PIDDs have been identified. While the initial suspicion and recognition of PIDDs is clinical, laboratory tools such as flow cytometry and genetic sequencing are essential for confirmation and categorization. Genetic sequencing, however, are prohibitively expensive and not readily available in resource constrained settings. Flow cytometry remains a simple, yet powerful, tool for multi-parametric analysis of cells. While it is confirmatory of diagnosis in certain conditions, in others it helps in narrowing the list of putative genes to be analyzed. The utility of flow cytometry in diagnosis of PIDDs can be divided into four major categories: (a) Enumeration of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood. (b) Detection of intracellular signaling molecules, transcription factors, and cytokines. (c) Functional assessment of adaptive and innate immune cells (e.g., T cell function in severe combined immune deficiency and natural killer cell function in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis). (d) Evaluation of normal biological processes (e.g., class switching in B cells by B cell immunophenotyping). This review focuses on use of flow cytometry in disease-specific diagnosis of PIDDs in the context of a developing country.
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Registered trials
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