ArticleActa parasitologica2020
Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Free-Living Amoebae (Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, and Vermamoeba) in the Farmland Soils and Recreational Places in Iran.
Article in Acta parasitologica, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of free-living amoebae in swimming pools and recreational waters, a systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasitology research · 2022Pooled it
- High prevalence ofParasite epidemiology and control · 2026Article
- Molecular Species Identification and Genotyping of Free-Living Amoebae in Soil of Recreational Mountain Areas in the Babiogórski National Park and Surroundings, Southern Poland.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Assessment of the Presence of Free-Living Amoebae in Soil Samples from the Northwest Region of Spain Using Culture and Molecular Assays.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Prevalence of free-living amoebae in five rivers associated with high human activity in Tehran province, Iran.Journal of water and health · 2025Article
- The hidden dancers in water: the symbiotic mystery ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Protozoan parasites and free-living amoebae contamination in organic leafy green vegetables and strawberries from Spain.Food and waterborne parasitology · 2023Article
- Molecular Identification of Pathogenic Free-Living Amoeba from Household Biofilm Samples in Iran: A Risk Factor forMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Detection and Molecular Characterization of Potentially Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae from Recreational and Public Soils in Mazandaran, Northern Iran.Iranian journal of parasitologyArticle
- Occurrence ofIranian journal of parasitologyReview
- Isolation and Molecular Identification of Vahlkampfiidae andIranian journal of parasitologyArticle
- Can Free LivingIranian journal of parasitologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeFree-living amoeba (FLA) including Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, and Naegleria are among the soil-born parasites. There are reports of FLA-related keratitis with a history of contact with soil and dust sources, particularly among the farmers. Due to lack of the previous studies on the farmland soils and a limited number of researches conducted on recreational soils in Iran, the present study was conducted.
methodsA total of 93 soil samples including farming lands and recreational places were tested for the presence of Acanthamoeba spp. Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria, and Vermamoeba using morphological key and sequencing-based tools. Pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba positive strains was also evaluated. To verify genetic associations and taxonomic status of isolated amoeba, a phylogenetic tree was built by MEGA 5.05 software inferred by the 18S rRNA gene based on maximum likelihood algorithm.
resultsOverall, 28 samples (30%) were contaminated with potentially pathogenic FLA, and according to the sequencing data, 17 strains were successfully sequenced. The isolated Acanthamoeba belonged to T2, T4, T5, mixed T4 and T5 contaminations, and T11. ITS sequencing revealed the occurrence of one strain of Naegleria canariensis. Four strains of Vermamoeba vermiformis were also confirmed. Morphological survey and PCR assay failed to show any positive results for Balamuthia mandrillaris. Pathogenic potential of the Acanthamoeba strains showed that T2, T4, and T11 genotypes were highly pathogenic, whereas T5 genotypes demonstrated lower pathogenic potential.
conclusionThe results indicate that soil could be a serious hazard to human health, and therefore, further studies are expected to investigate the source of infection in patients developing FLA-related diseases. The present study is the first to investigate FLA in the farmland soils in Iran and the first to report the presence of N. canariensis in the country.
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