Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31570931›Full record

ReviewNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2020

Biochemical Verification of Tobacco Use and Abstinence: 2019 Update.

Neal L Benowitz, John T Bernert, Jonathan Foulds, Stephen S Hecht, Peyton Jacob, Martin J Jarvis, Anne Joseph, Cheryl Oncken, Megan E Piper

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07067151 (Use of Noninvasive Wearables Biomonitoring to Detect Pre-Smoking, Smoking, And Post-Smoking Stages), which is not on this map. Cited by 400 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
400citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07067151 enrolling by invitationnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Use of Noninvasive Wearables Biomonitoring to Detect Pre-Smoking, Smoking, And Post-Smoking Stages: An Observational Laboratory Study

TypeobservationalSponsorNational Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)Ran2026 to 2028Enrolled30ConditionsSmoking
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

400 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Birth outcomes following intrauterine exposure to electronic nicotine delivery systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
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  8. Predictors of Quit Attempts and Successful Smoking Abstinence in Pregnancy: An Exploratory Analysis of a Pooled Clinical Trial Dataset.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
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  16. ACT on Vaping: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Novel Digital Health App With Text Messaging for Young Adult Vaping Cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
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340 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Neal L BenowitzDivision of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences; Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
John T BernertDivision of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Jonathan FouldsDepartments of Public Health Sciences and Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA.
Stephen S HechtDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN.
Peyton JacobDepartments of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Martin J JarvisDepartment of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
Anne JosephDepartment of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN.
Cheryl OnckenDepartment of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT.
Megan E PiperCenter for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe changing prevalence and patterns of tobacco use, the advent of novel nicotine delivery devices, and the development of new biomarkers prompted an update of the 2002 Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT) report on whether and how to apply biomarker verification for tobacco use and abstinence.

methodsThe SRNT Treatment Research Network convened a group of investigators with expertise in tobacco biomarkers to update the recommendations of the 2002 SNRT Biochemical Verification Report.

resultsBiochemical verification of tobacco use and abstinence increases scientific rigor and is recommended in clinical trials of smoking cessation, when feasible. Sources, appropriate biospecimens, cutpoints, time of detection windows and analytic methods for carbon monoxide, cotinine (including over the counter tests), total nicotine equivalents, minor tobacco alkaloids, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol are reviewed, as well as biochemical approaches to distinguishing cigarette smoking from use of electronic nicotine delivery devices (ENDS).

conclusionsRecommendations are provided for whether and how to use biochemical verification of tobacco use and abstinence. Guidelines are provided on which biomarkers to use, which biospecimens to use, optimal cutpoints, time windows to detection, and methodology for biochemical verifications. Use of combinations of biomarkers is recommended for assessment of ENDS use. IMPLICATIONS: Biochemical verification increases scientific rigor, but there are drawbacks that need to be assessed to determine whether the benefits of biochemical verification outweigh the costs, including the cost of the assays, the feasibility of sample collection, the ability to draw clear conclusions based on the duration of abstinence, and the variability of the assay within the study population. This paper provides updated recommendations from the 2002 SRNT report on whether and how to use biochemical markers in determining tobacco use and abstinence.

Indexed as

BiomarkersCarbon MonoxideCigarette SmokingCotinineHumansNicotineSmoking CessationTobacco ProductsUnited StatesBiomarkersCarbon MonoxideCotinineNicotine

Identifiers

PMID31570931
PMCPMC7882145

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.