ArticleNature biotechnology2019
Delivery of mRNA vaccines with heterocyclic lipids increases anti-tumor efficacy by STING-mediated immune cell activation.
Article in Nature biotechnology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 331 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I Study of mRNA Vaccine for Patients With EBV-positive Advanced Malignant Tumors
A Phase I Study of mRNA Vaccine for Patients With HBV-positive Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Safety and Efficacy of KRAS Vaccine in the Treatment of KRAS-mutant Malignancies
Who cites it
331 citing papers in PubMed, 679 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel lipid nanoparticle in a mRNA cancer vaccine drives tumor control via type I IFNs and effector CD8Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Bioactive lipid-derived nanoparticles for RNA delivery.Materials today (Kidlington, England) · 2026Article
- Chemical and Biological Determinants of PEG-Lipid Shedding From Therapeutic Nanoparticles.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Structural evolution of ionizable lipids for nucleic acid delivery.Nature reviews. Chemistry · 2026Review
- Combinatorial synthesis of novel polycations for mRNA deliveryRSC applied polymers · 2026Article
- Lipid nanoparticles optimized for large RNA cargo and tissue targeting enhance in vivo genome editing.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal control of STING activation and saRNA delivery decouples humoral and cellular immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Enhanced antitumor immunity of mRNA vaccines by bioorthogonal-like delayed activation of exogeneous STING.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Pulmonary Delivery of Self-Amplifying RNA: Balancing Inflammation and Durable Transgene Expression.ACS nano · 2026Article
- A novel machine learning framework-based rapid screening of ionizable lipids in LNPs for highly-efficient mRNA expression.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- CD73-LNPs promote antitumor T-cell immunity via amplifying TLR3-mediated immunostimulatory dendritic cell activation.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Splenic dendritic cell-targeting mRNA transfection of H-type ionizable lipid-based LNPs for enhancing tumor immunotherapy.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Silk-Based Protein Corona Enhances mRNA-LNP Vaccine Efficacy and Prevents Tumor Relapse.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- CpG 1018 augments mRNA vaccine-induced anti-tumor immunity by potentiating CD8+ T cell responses.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Decoding Undesirable Inflammatory Responses of Nucleic Acid-Delivering Lipid Nanoparticles.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- A plant vesicle-dendritic cell chimera for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Muscle-targeting LNP vaccines enable potent immune responses against varicella zoster virus.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- CORE: Cholesterol Altered Lipid Nanoparticles for Splenic Expression of mRNA Payloads.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles for Cell Engineering in Vivo and in Vitro: Current Applications and Future Directions.MedComm · 2026Review
271 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Therapeutic messenger RNA vaccines enable delivery of whole antigens, which can be advantageous over peptide vaccines. However, optimal efficacy requires both intracellular delivery, to allow antigen translation, and appropriate immune activation. Here, we developed a combinatorial library of ionizable lipid-like materials to identify mRNA delivery vehicles that facilitate mRNA delivery in vivo and provide potent and specific immune activation. Using a three-dimensional multi-component reaction system, we synthesized and evaluated the vaccine potential of over 1,000 lipid formulations. The top candidate formulations induced a robust immune response, and were able to inhibit tumor growth and prolong survival in melanoma and human papillomavirus E7 in vivo tumor models. The top-performing lipids share a common structure: an unsaturated lipid tail, a dihydroimidazole linker and cyclic amine head groups. These formulations induce antigen-presenting cell maturation via the intracellular stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, rather than through Toll-like receptors, and result in limited systemic cytokine expression and enhanced anti-tumor efficacy.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.