SynthesisNeurology2019
Stridor in multiple system atrophy: Consensus statement on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readSystematic ReviewConsensus Statement
In one paragraph
Synthesis in Neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06072105 (Medical Decision Making in Multiple System Atrophy), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
23.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Medical Decision Making in Multiple System Atrophy: Developing Personalized Best Medical Care with Integrated Telemedicine and Mobile Palliative Care for Individuals with Multiple System Atrophy
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polysomnographic findings of multiple system atrophy: evidence from case-control studies.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Pooled it
- A strategic approach of the management of sleep-disordered breathing in multiple system atrophy.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The Movement Disorder Society Criteria for the Diagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2022Pooled it
- Evaluating the Impact of Orthostatic Syncope and Presyncope on Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Breathe, Eat, Talk: Three Essential Ingredients to Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Movement Disorders.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Review
- Severe sleep-related hypoventilation in antibody-positive and antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis: an emergency.The European respiratory journal · 2026Article
- MeDeMSA care study protocol: developing personalized best medical care with integrated mobile palliative and telemedicine support for individuals with multiple system atrophy.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Stridor Is an Independent Risk Factor for Mortality and Disease Progression in Patients with Multiple System Atrophy.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
- Review
- Impact of supine body position on sleep-disordered breathing in patients with MSA patients.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025Article
- Transformers for rapid detection of airway stenosis and stridor.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Early onset sleep disorders predict severity, progression and death in multiple system atrophy.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Early-onset dysphagia predicts short survival in multiple system atrophy.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Swallowing Characteristics in Patients with Multiple System Atrophy Analyzed Using FEES Examination.Dysphagia · 2024Article
- Multiple system atrophy: an update and emerging directions of biomarkers and clinical trials.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- The Vocal Flutter of Multiple System Atrophy: A Parkinsonian-Type Phenomenon?Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Review
- Deterioration of Cough, Respiratory, and Vocal Cord Functions in Patients with Multiple System Atrophy.Neurology international · 2023Article
- Sleep Disorders Associated with Neurodegenerative Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Nine Hereditary Movement Disorders First Described in Asia: Their History and Evolution.Journal of movement disorders · 2023Article
- The effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the quality of life in patients with multiple system atrophy.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
29 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Pietro CortelliFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand. pietro.cortelli@unibo.it.ORCID 0000-0002-3633-8818
Giovanna Calandra-BuonauraFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Eduardo E BenarrochFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Giulia GianniniFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Alex IranzoFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Phillip A LowFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Paolo MartinelliFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Federica ProviniFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Niall QuinnFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Eduardo TolosaFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Gregor K WenningFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Giovanni AbbruzzeseFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Pamela BowerFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Enrico AlfonsiFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Imad GhorayebFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Tetsutaro OzawaFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Claudio PacchettiFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Nicolò Gabriele PozziFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Claudio ViciniFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Angelo AntoniniFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0003-1040-2807
Kailash P BhatiaFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Jacopo BonavitaFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Horacio KaufmannFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-1851-9981
Maria Teresa PellecchiaFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Nicole PizzorniFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Antonio SchindlerFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
François TisonFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Luca VignatelliFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-9051-7091
Wassilios G MeissnerFrom the IRCCS (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., F.P., L.V.), Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (P.C., G.C.-B., G.G., P.M., F.P.), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurology (E.E.B., P.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit (A.I.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (N.Q.), Queen Square, London; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) (E.T.), University of Barcelona (UB), and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.K.W.), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neuroscience (G.A.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc. (P.B.), Charlotte, NC; Neurophysiopathology Unit (E.A.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (I.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; CNRS (I.G.), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology (T.O.), Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami Uonuma, Niigata, Japan; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P., N.G.P.), IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica (C.V.), Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche e chirurgico specialistiche (C.V.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (A.A.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience (A.P.B.), UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; Spinal Unit (J.B.), Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy; Department of Neurology (H.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (M.T.P.), Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (N.P., A.S.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (F.T., W.G.M.), CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux (F.T., W.G.M.), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; and Department Medicine (W.G.M.), University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna · IT
Funding
Training CoreU54NS065736 · NINDS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI FREEMAN, ROY · 2009 to 2018
$11.6MNINDS NIH HHS U54 NS065736
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a combination of autonomic failure, cerebellar ataxia, and parkinsonism. Laryngeal stridor is an additional feature for MSA diagnosis, showing a high diagnostic positive predictive value, and its early occurrence might contribute to shorten survival. A consensus definition of stridor in MSA is lacking, and disagreement persists about its diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. An International Consensus Conference among experts with methodological support was convened in Bologna in 2017 to define stridor in MSA and to reach consensus statements for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Stridor was defined as a strained, high-pitched, harsh respiratory sound, mainly inspiratory, occurring only during sleep or during both sleep and wakefulness, and caused by laryngeal dysfunction leading to narrowing of the rima glottidis. According to the consensus, stridor may be recognized clinically by the physician if present at the time of examination, with the help of a witness, or by listening to an audio recording. Laryngoscopy is suggested to exclude mechanical lesions or functional vocal cord abnormalities related to different neurologic conditions. If the suspicion of stridor needs confirmation, drug-induced sleep endoscopy or video polysomnography may be useful. The impact of stridor on survival and quality of life remains uncertain. Continuous positive airway pressure and tracheostomy are both suggested as symptomatic treatment of stridor, but whether they improve survival is uncertain. Several research gaps emerged involving diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Unmet needs for research were identified.
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Consensus Statements as TopicHumansMultiple System AtrophyPrognosisRespiratory SoundsTreatment Outcome
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NCT06072105ClinicalTrials.gov
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