ArticleClinical breast cancer2020
Phase 1 Study of Erlotinib and Metformin in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
Article in Clinical breast cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of metformin use on the outcomes of locally advanced breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: an open-labelled randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Current and future therapies for triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Identification and Prognostic Analysis of Immune-Related Genes Co-Regulated by Key Histone Modifications in Breast Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Recent advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies for triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Triple-negative breast cancer: challenges, advances, and promising therapeutic interventions.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Metformin-Based Combination Approaches for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Dysregulated Signaling Pathways in Canine Mammary Tumor and Human Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Advances and Potential Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Targeting RTKs/nRTKs as promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer: evidence from clinical trials.Military Medical Research · 2024Review
- Small molecule agents for triple negative breast cancer: Current status and future prospects.Translational oncology · 2024Review
- Antidiabetic Drugs in Breast Cancer Patients.Cancers · 2024Review
- Role of EGFR and FASN in breast cancer progression.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2023Review
- Updates on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: From Risk Factors to Diagnosis, Biomarkers and Therapy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A SERS/fluorescence dual-mode immuno-nanoprobe for investigating two anti-diabetic drugs on EGFR expressions.Mikrochimica acta · 2023Article
- EGFR as a potent CAR T target in triple negative breast cancer brain metastases.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2023Article
- Efficacy of Metformin as Adjuvant Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Metformin with Temozolomide for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: Results of Phase I Study and a Brief Review of Relevant Studies.Cancers · 2022Article
- A precision medicine approach to metabolic therapy for breast cancer in mice.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Metformin and Cancer, an Ambiguanidous Relationship.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- RETRACTED: Metformin and Breast Cancer: Where Are We Now?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Rewired Cellular Metabolic Profiles in Response to Metformin under Different Oxygen and Nutrient Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). One strategy for overcoming resistance to EGFR inhibition is concomitant inhibition of downstream signaling. The antidiabetic drug metformin inhibits both MAPK and PI3K/mTOR pathway signaling. We evaluated the combination of erlotinib and metformin in a phase 1 study of patients with mTNBC. PATIENTS AND
methodsPatients with mTNBC who had received at least one prior line of therapy for metastatic disease were eligible. Erlotinib dose was fixed at 150 mg daily. Metformin dose escalation was planned according to a 3 + 3 design. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were assessed during the first 5 weeks of therapy. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose of metformin with fixed-dose erlotinib. Secondary endpoints were response rate, stable disease rate, and progression-free survival.
resultsEight patients were enrolled. The median number of prior therapies for metastatic disease was 2.5 (range, 1-6). No DLT events were reported during the DLT assessment period. Most adverse events were grade 1/2. Grade 3 diarrhea despite maximum supportive care required dose reduction of metformin in one patient. Grade 3 rash led to study withdrawal in one patient. No grade 4 adverse events were reported. The best observed response was stable disease in 2 patients (25%). Median progression-free survival was 60 days (range, 36-61 days).
conclusionErlotinib and metformin were well tolerated in a population of pretreated mTNBC patients but did not demonstrate efficacy in this population.
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Registered trials
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