ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
Unequal Protective Effects of Parental Educational Attainment on the Body Mass Index of Black and White Youth.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- The mediating role of brain structural-functional connectivity coupling in linking paternal education to BMI and depressive scores in young adults.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Family wealth and adolescent physical health.Health psychology review · 2025Review
- A Scoping Review of the Social Determinants of Pediatric and Adolescent Obesity.International journal of pediatrics · 2025Review
- Educational Attainment Better Protects Non-Latino than Latino People Against Diabetes Mellitus.Global journal of cardiovascular diseases · 2025Article
- Pathways From Socioeconomic Factors to Major Cardiovascular Events Among Postmenopausal Veteran and Nonveteran Women: Findings From the Women's Health Initiative.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- High Systolic Blood Pressure of High-Income African American Children.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Family Disadvantage, Education, and Health Outcomes Among Black Youths Over a 20-Year Period.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Financial Strain Partially Explains Diminished Returns of Parental Education in the ABCD Study.Open journal of neuroscience · 2024Article
- Education Does Not Equally Increase Financial Well-being for All.Journal of social mathematical & human engineering sciences · 2024Article
- Differential protective effects of Family Income-to-Poverty-Ratio on electronic cigarette, depression, and obesity of Black and White Americans.AIMS public health · 2024Article
- Diminished Returns of Educational Attainment on Body Mass Index Among Latino Populations: Insights from UAS Data.Global journal of epidemiology and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Parental determinants associated with early growth after the first year of life by race and ethnicity.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Highly Educated Black Americans Report Higher than Expected Perceived Job Demands.Journal of rehabilitation therapy · 2023Article
- Parental Educational Attainment, the Superior Temporal Cortical Surface Area, and Reading Ability among American Children: A Test of Marginalization-Related Diminished Returns.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Resting-State Functional Connectivity between Putamen and Salience Network and Childhood Body Mass Index.Neurology international · 2021Article
- Parental Education, Household Income, Race, and Children's Working Memory: Complexity of the Effects.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Mental Rotation in American Children: Diminished Returns of Parental Education in Black Families.Pediatric reports · 2020Article
- African American Children's Diminished Returns of Subjective Family Socioeconomic Status on Fun Seeking.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Reward Responsiveness in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study: African Americans' Diminished Returns of Parental Education.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Parental Educational Attainment and Social Environmental of Urban Public Schools in the U.S.: Blacks' Diminished Returns.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
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5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundParental educational attainment is shown to be protective against health problems; the Minorities' Diminished Returns theory, however, posits that these protective effects tend to be smaller for socially marginalized groups particularly blacks than whites.
aimsTo explore racial differences in the effect of parental educational attainment on body mass index (BMI) in a national sample of US adolescents.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, we used baseline data of 10,701 (8678 white and 2023 black) 12-17 years old adolescents in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH; 2013). Parental educational attainment was the predictor. Youth BMI (based on self-reported weight and height) was the dependent variable. Age, gender, ethnicity, and family structure were covariates. Race was the focal moderator.
resultsOverall, higher parental educational attainment was associated with lower youth BMI. Race, however, moderated the effect of parental educational attainment on BMI, suggesting that the protective effect of parental educational attainment on BMI is significantly smaller for black than white youth.
conclusionsIn the United States, race alters the health gains that are expected to follow parental educational attainment. While white youth who are from highly educated families are fit, black youth have high BMI at all levels of parental educational attainment. This means, while the most socially privileged group, whites, gain the most health from their parental education, blacks, the least privileged group, gain the least. Economic, social, public, and health policymakers should be aware that health disparities are not all due to lower socioeconomic status (SES) of the disadvantaged group but also diminished returns of SES resources for them. Black-white health disparities exist across all high socioeconomic status (SES) levels.
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