ArticleViruses2019
Comparison of Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Influenza B and D Viruses in Pigs.
Article in Viruses, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transmission Pathways of Zoonotic Influenza Viruses and Influencing Factors: A Systematic Review of Recent Findings.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Mechanistic Models of Influenza Transmission in Commercial Swine Populations: A Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Efficient airborne transmission of influenza D virus in ferret models and serological evidence of human exposure in Northeast China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Differential tissue tropism and transmission efficiency of two dominant influenza D clades with overlapping but distinct receptor binding fine specificities in ferrets.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- T Cell Responses to Influenza Infections in Cattle.Viruses · 2025Review
- Influenza D virus infection in China, 2022-2023.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- The effect of nonpharmaceutical interventions on influenza virus transmission.Frontiers in public health · 2024Observational
- Pathogenesis, Transmission, and Within-Host Evolution of Bovine-Origin Influenza D Virus in Pigs.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Time-resolved characterization of the innate immune response in the respiratory epithelium of human, porcine, and bovine during influenza virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Host Range, Biology, and Species Specificity of Seven-Segmented Influenza Viruses-A Comparative Review on Influenza C and D.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmission of viruses between humans and pigs.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2021Review
- Tissue Microarrays to Visualize Influenza D Attachment to Host Receptors in the Respiratory Tract of Farm Animals.Viruses · 2021Article
- The first decade of research advances in influenza D virus.The Journal of general virology · 2021Review
- Susceptibility of swine cells and domestic pigs to SARS-CoV-2.Emerging microbes & infections · 2020Article
- Impact of Porcine Arterivirus, Influenza B, and Their Coinfection on Antiviral Response in the Porcine Lung.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Influenza D virus.Current opinion in virology · 2020Review
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza viruses are important pathogens causing respiratory disease in humans and animals. In contrast to influenza A virus (IAV) that can infect a wide range of animal species, other influenza viruses, including influenza B virus (IBV), influenza C virus (ICV), and influenza D virus (IDV) have a limited host range. Swine can be infected with all four different genera of influenza viruses. IAV infection of pigs causes the well-known swine influenza that poses significant threats to human and animal health. However, influenza virus infection of pigs with IBV, ICV, and IDV are not well-characterized. Herein, we compared pathogenicity of IBV and IDV using intratracheal and intranasal infection of pigs, which are IAV seropositive, and commingled naïve pigs with the infected animals to determine their transmissibility. Both viruses caused fever and some lung lesions, replicated in the lungs of infected pigs, but only IDV transmitted to the contact animals. Although IBV and IDV displayed differing levels of replication in the respiratory tract of infected pigs, no significant differences in pathogenicity of both viruses were observed. These results indicate that both IBV and IDV can replicate, and are pathogenic in pigs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.