Trial reportAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2019
TMS as a pharmacodynamic indicator of cortical activity of a novel anti-epileptic drug, XEN1101.
Trial report in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methodological Choices Matter: A Systematic Comparison of TMS-EEG Studies Targeting the Primary Motor Cortex.Human brain mapping · 2024Pooled it
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked electroencephalography responses as biomarkers for epilepsy: A review of study design and outcomes.Human brain mapping · 2023Pooled it
- Cannabidiol Lacks Direct Effect on Cortical Excitability: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, 3-Way Crossover Trial.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Trial
- Interim analysis of the long-term efficacy and safety of azetukalner in an ongoing open-label extension study following a phase 2b clinical trial (X-TOLE) in adults with focal epilepsy.Epilepsia open · 2025Trial
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation as biomarker of excitability in drug development: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Trial
- Investigating Neuropharmacological Features of the Cortical Activity of Cannabidiol GWP42003 P-A Phase 1 Clinical Trial.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- From Retigabine to Azetukalner: Reviving Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels for Epilepsy Therapy.Archiv der Pharmazie · 2026Review
- Review
- Clinical utility and prospective of TMS-EEG: Updated review from an international expert group.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Targeting Kv7 Potassium Channels for Epilepsy.CNS drugs · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Overview of the Current Status and Advancements in Various Treatment Strategies against Epilepsy.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Review
- Utilization of Single-Pulse Transcranial-Evoked Potentials in Neurological and Psychiatric Clinical Practice: A Narrative Review.Neurology international · 2024Review
- XEN1101, a novel potassium channel opener: hope or hype for adults with focal seizure.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Review
- Changes in Cortical Activation by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Due to Coil Rotation Are Not Attributable to Cranial Muscle Activation.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Using TMS-EEG to assess the effects of neuromodulation techniques: a narrative review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Review
- Tracking cortical excitability dynamics with transcranial magnetic stimulation in focal epilepsy.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Article
- Spontaneous and TMS-related EEG changes as new biomarkers to measure anti-epileptic drug effects.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) produces characteristic deflections in the EEG signal named TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs), which can be used to assess drug effects on cortical excitability. TMS can also be used to determine the resting motor threshold (RMT) for eliciting a minimal muscle response, as a biomarker of corticospinal excitability. XEN1101 is a novel potassium channel opener undergoing clinical development for treatment of epilepsy. We used TEPs and RMT to measure the effects of XEN1101 in the human brain, to provide evidence that XEN1101 alters cortical excitability at doses that might be used in future clinical trials.
methodsTMS measurements were incorporated in this Phase I clinical trial to evaluate the extent to which XEN1101 modulates TMS parameters of cortical and corticospinal excitability. TEPs and RMT were collected before and at 2-, 4-, and 6-hours post drug intake in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, two-period crossover study of 20 healthy male volunteers.
resultsConsistent with previous TMS investigations of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) targeting ion channels, the amplitude of TEPs occurring at early (15-55 msec after TMS) and at late (150-250 msec after TMS) latencies were significantly suppressed from baseline by 20 mg of XEN1101. Furthermore, the RMT showed a significant time-dependent increase that correlated with the XEN1101 plasma concentration.
interpretationChanges from baseline in TMS measures provided evidence that 20 mg of XEN1101 suppressed cortical and corticospinal excitability, consistent with the effects of other AEDs. These results support the implementation of TMS as a tool to inform early-stage clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.