SynthesisInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2020
Influenza and tuberculosis co-infection: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- The epidemiology of seasonal influenza after the 2009 influenza pandemic in Africa: a systematic review.African health sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Influenza and tuberculosis co-infection: A systematic review.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2020Pooled it
- Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease: Clinicopathologic Insights, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management.MedComm · 2026Review
- Mechanisms ofBreathe (Sheffield, England) · 2026Review
- Molecular signaling in coinfection: howFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Risk and resilience factors associated with the progression of influenza to severe disease outcomes: umbrella review protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- BLV coinfection impairs immunity and diagnostics in bovine tuberculosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Spatial Investigation of Tuberculosis Dynamics and Affecting Factors in Şanlıurfa, Türkiye (2016-2023).GeoHealth · 2025Article
- Virus profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in hospitalized non-COVID-19 adult patients with pulmonary infection from November 2020 to November 2021.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Application of Metagenomic and Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- The clinical and chest radiographic features of respiratory syncytial virus-associated severe respiratory illness in hospitalised adults in South Africa, 2022 - 2023.African journal of thoracic and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis withFrontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Status and outlook of pulmonary tuberculosis coinfection.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2025Review
- Role of Divalent Cations in Infections in Host-Pathogen Interaction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Think TB! A rare case of influenza and rapid progressive neurotuberculosis coinfection.Journal of travel medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Mathematical modelling and analysis of COVID-19 and tuberculosis transmission dynamics.Informatics in medicine unlocked · 2023Article
- Mouse Models forPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Tissue-localized immune responses in people with cystic fibrosis and respiratory nontuberculous mycobacteria infection.JCI insight · 2022Article
- A Rare Case of Latent Tuberculosis Reactivation Secondary to a COVID-19 Infection.Infectious disease reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThere are limited data on risk of severe disease or outcomes in patients with influenza and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) co-infection compared to those with single infection.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review of published literature on the interaction of influenza viruses and PTB. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they presented data on prevalence, disease association, presentation or severity of laboratory-confirmed influenza among clinically diagnosed or laboratory-confirmed PTB cases. We searched eight databases from inception until December 2018. Summary characteristics of each study were extracted, and a narrative summary was presented. Cohort or case-control studies were assessed for potential bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
resultsWe assessed 5154 abstracts, reviewed 146 manuscripts and included 19 studies fulfilling selection criteria (13 human and six animal). Of seven studies reporting on the possible effect of the underlying PTB disease in patients with influenza, three of four analytical studies reported no association with disease severity of influenza infection in those with PTB, whilst one study reported PTB as a risk factor for influenza-associated hospitalization. An association between influenza infection and PTB disease was found in three of five analytical studies; whereas the two other studies reported a high frequency of PTB disease progression and complications among patients with seasonal influenza co-infection.
conclusionHuman analytical studies of an association between co-infection and severe influenza- or PTB-associated disease or increased prevalence of influenza co-infection in individuals' hospitalized for PTB were not conclusive. Data are limited from large, high-quality, analytical epidemiological studies with laboratory-confirmed endpoints.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.