ArticlePain2020
Psychometric properties of Short Form-36 Health Survey, EuroQol 5-dimensions, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in patients with chronic pain.
Article in Pain, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07081737 (The Future of Pain Management), which is not on this map. Cited by 58 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Future of Pain Management: Can Person-centred and Precision AI-Based Decision Support Enhance Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation for Chronic Pain?
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Structural and Psychometric Properties of Neck Pain Questionnaires Through Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic Factors for Quality of Life After Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Pain-A Systematic Review.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review of 29 self-report instruments for assessing quality of life in older adults receiving aged care services.BMJ open · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of spinal cord stimulation on pain, physical activity, and self-efficacy among patients with neuropathic pain.Pain management · 2026Trial
- The effect of mindfulness combined with exercise compared with a self-management guide on measures of nervous system sensitivity in individuals with chronic pain: a pilot randomised control trial.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Methadone versus other opioids for refractory malignant bone pain: a pilot randomised controlled study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Trial
- Comparison of supervised exercise therapy with or without biopsychosocial approach for chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Trial
- Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life after Different Aerobic Exercise Programs in Physically Inactive Adults with Overweight/Obesity and Primary Hypertension: Data from the EXERDIET-HTA Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- In the End: Associations Between Sleep Disturbance and Functional Impairment in Fibromyalgia-A Path Analysis Study.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Motor deficits after herpes zoster: a comparative analysis of patient characteristics and sensory changes.Pain reports · 2026Article
- Falls in Functional Neurological Disorder: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Clinical Implications.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Predictors of cervicogenic headache in patients with chronic neck pain: a prospective study of 6-month follow-up.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2026Article
- Adaptation and validation of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)+ 2020 for the Indonesian population: a cross-sectional study.Korean journal of family medicine · 2026Article
- A stepped-care strategy for cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in chronic spinal pain-protocol of a randomized clinical trial (the StepUp study).Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
- Burden of Care: Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Cancer Caregivers in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cancer management and research · 2026Article
- Relationship between paraspinal sarcopenia and clinical outcomes of intervertebral disc degeneration patients following unilateral biportal endoscopy discectomy.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Pain characteristics and psychological factors that mediate the association between obesity and outcomes of interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation: a registry-based cohort study.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Quality of Life, Social Networking, and Mental Health: Generational Differentiation and Uniqueness in the Context of South Korea.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of Paraspinal Sarcopenia on Clinical Outcomes in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Patients Following Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted a need for the psychometric evaluation of instruments targeting core domains of the pain experience in chronic pain populations. In this study, the measurement properties of Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36),EuroQol 5-dimensions (EQ-5D) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were analyzed within the item response-theory framework based on data from 35,908 patients. To assess the structural validity of these instruments, the empirical representations of several conceptually substantiated latent structures were compared in a cross-validation procedure. The most structurally sound representations were selected from each questionnaire and their internal consistency reliability computed as a summary of their precision. Finally, questionnaire scores were correlated with each other to evaluate their convergent and discriminant validity. Our results supported that SF-36 is an acceptable measure of 2 independent constructs of physical and mental health. By contrast, although the approach to summarize the health-related quality of life construct of EQ-5D as a unidimensional score was valid, its low reliability rendered practical model implementation of doubtful utility. Finally, rather than being separated into 2 subscales of anxiety and depression, HADS was a valid and reliable measure of overall emotional distress. In support of convergent and discriminant validity, correlations between questionnaires showed that theoretically similar traits were highly associated, whereas unrelated traits were not. Our models can be applied to score SF-36 and HADS in chronic pain patients, but we recommend against using the EQ-5D model due to its low reliability. These results are useful for researchers and clinicians involved in chronic pain populations because questionnaires' properties determine their discriminating ability in patient status assessment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.