SynthesisMedicine2019
The association between vitamin D deficiency and community-acquired pneumonia: A meta-analysis of observational studies.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes in adult patients with COVID-19: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2024Pooled it
- Does vitamin D deficiency affect functional outcomes in hip fracture patients? A meta-analysis of cohort studies.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Pooled it
- High-dose oral vitamin D supplementation for prevention of infections in children aged 0 to 59 months: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Vitamin D Deficiency and Comorbidities as Risk Factors of COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Nutritional perspectives for the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19.Nutrition reviews · 2021Pooled it
- The role of vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Epidemiology and health · 2021Pooled it
- Vitamin D Supplementation and Clinical Outcomes in Severe COVID-19 Patients-Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Calcitriol supplementation accelerates the recovery of patients with tuberculosis who have vitamin D deficiency: a randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Vitamin D Roles Across Developmental Stages in Pediatric Pneumonia: Linking Genetics, Microbiome, Maternal Status and Immunity.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Seasonality of pneumonia mortality among infants in India from 2018 - 2020: a joinpoint analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Vitamin D and Health Outcomes: State-of-the-Art Review of Triangulated Evidence and Ongoing Controversies.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Vitamin D in Infectious Diseases: A Narrative Review Focusing on COVID-19, Long COVID, and Influenza.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Vitamin D Deficiency at Hospital Admission With Community-Acquired Pneumonia is Associated With Increased Risk of Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Association of meteorological factors with childhood pneumonia incidence in Central Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a time-series study (2013-2022).Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Vitamin D Deficiency and Driveline Infections in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Devices.Artificial organs · 2025Article
- Vitamin D deficiency is associated with adverse medical outcomes following total shoulder arthroplasty.JSES international · 2025Article
- Impact of vitamin D deficiency on postoperative outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing surgery: a retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Serum Vitamin D Levels and Risk of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Vitamin D: Evidence-Based Health Benefits and Recommendations for Population Guidelines.Nutrients · 2025Review
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that vitamin D deficiency may be related with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), but individually published studies showed inconclusive results. The aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the association between vitamin D and the CAP.We conducted this meta-analysis though a systematic literature search of PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE up to 31 September 2018 with the following keywords 'vitamin D' or 'cholecalciferol' or '25-hydroxyvitamin D' or '25(OH)D' in combination with 'community-acquired pneumonia' or 'CAP' or 'pneumonia' with no limitations. This meta-analysis was performed following the guidelines of Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. The association between vitamin D levels and CAP were measured as odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference (WMD). Results were combined using a random-effect or a fix-effect meta-analysis, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore potential factors.Eight observational studies involving 20,966 subjects were included. In this meta-analysis, CAP patients with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D levels <20 ng/mL) experienced a significantly increased risk of CAP (odds ratio (OR) = 1.64, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.00, 2.67), and an obvious decrease of -5.63 ng/mL (95% CI: -9.11, -2.14) in serum vitamin D was demonstrated in CAP patients. Sensitivity analysis showed that exclusion of any single study did not materially alter the overall combined effect.The evidence from this meta-analysis indicates an association between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of CAP patients. However, well-designed trails are required to determine the explicit effect of vitamin D supplementation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.