SynthesisSports health
Sex-Based Differences in the Incidence of Sports-Related Concussion: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Sports health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- What Factors Influence Head Acceleration During a Purposeful Header in Soccer Players? A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Pooled it
- The Incidence of Sports-Related Concussion in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2025Pooled it
- Injury Reduction Programs for Reducing the Incidence of Sport-Related Head and Neck Injuries Including Concussion: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Women Are at Higher Risk for Concussions Due to Ball or Equipment Contact in Soccer and Lacrosse.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2020Pooled it
- The Effect of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis: A Narrative Review.Journal of neurotrauma · 2026Review
- Sex and Gender Differences in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep During Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery: A Narrative Review.European journal of sport science · 2026Review
- Sex differences in fixational eye movements following concussion.Journal of vision · 2025Article
- Concussion in high school sports: findings from injury surveillance.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Changes in peripheral blood and cognitive performance after nonconcussive head impacts in elite female soccer players.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring Sex-Based Variations in Head Kinematics During Soccer Heading.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Self-reported concussion prevalence, post-injury help-seeking behaviour, and associated risk factors among volleyball players.PloS one · 2025Article
- Social Determinants of Health and Lifetime History of Parent-Reported Concussion in School-Aged Children and Adolescents in the United States.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- Consequences of adolescent sport-related concussion: exploring long-term cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in Recovery Trajectories of Assessments for Sport-Related Concussion Among NCAA Athletes: A CARE Consortium Study.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Association between days for concussion recovery and initial specialty clinic evaluation within 48 hours.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Periodic health evaluation in Para athletes: a position statement based on expert consensus.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2024Article
- Heart Rate Variability in Concussed College Athletes: Follow-Up Study and Biological Sex Differences.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- The Women's Soccer Health Study: From Head to Toe.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Evaluating Dual Task Neurological Costs with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: A Preliminary Report in Healthy Athletes.Journal of integrative neuroscience · 2023Article
- Are Sex Differences in Collegiate and High School Sports-Related Concussion Reflected in the Guidelines? A Scoping Review.Brain sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextThe incidence of sports-related concussion in females has been increasing in recent years.
objectiveTo conduct a meta-analysis on sex-based differences in concussion incidence in various sports and to determine the effects of study design (retrospective vs prospective), setting (competition vs practice), and population (university and above vs high school and below) via a meta-regression. DATA SOURCES: PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 2000 to January 2018. STUDY SELECTION: Studies reporting sports-related concussion incidence data for both males and females (age ≥10 years) were included. STUDY
designSystematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4.
methodsThe rate ratio was calculated as the concussion rate in females/males. Data were pooled using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model.
resultsThirty-eight studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Soccer and basketball demonstrated significantly higher incidence of concussions in females compared with males (rate ratio [95% CI], 1.76 [1.43-2.16] and 1.99 [1.56-2.54], respectively;
conclusionConcussion incidence rates were significantly higher in females than in males for soccer and basketball.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.