Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31566166›Full record

ArticlePublic health nutrition2019

Changes in nutrient and food group intakes among children and women participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children: findings from the 2005-2008 and 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.

Meghan C Zimmer, Jacqueline A Vernarelli

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Public health nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. From preschool to policy: A scoping review of recommended interventions for a systems approach to improve dietary intake in early childhood.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Meghan C ZimmerDepartment of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6811-8847
Jacqueline A VernarelliDepartment of Public Health, Sacred Heart University, 5151 Park Avenue, Fairfield, CT 06825, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1012-1642
Sacred Heart University · USUniversity of Tennessee at Knoxville · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo use nationally representative data to evaluate changes in nutrient and food intakes among children and women participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) before v. after implementation of the 2009 food package revisions.

designCross-sectional study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. NHANES survey cycles were pooled to assess nutrient/food group intakes among household WIC participants pre- (2005-2008) v. post- (2011-2014) implementation of the 2009 food package revisions.

settingInformation regarding WIC participation and 24 h diet recalls were collected at NHANES examination.

participantsChildren 24-59 months old and women 19-50 years of age in households receiving WIC benefits in the NHANES 2005-2008 and 2011-2014.

resultsComparison of WIC participants' dietary intake pre- and post-revision demonstrated changes in mean population intakes of both nutrients and food groups. The food package revisions were associated with increased intakes of fibre (P = 0·004 children, P = 0·013 women) and whole grains (P = 0·001 children, P = 0·087 women). For children only, vegetable intake shifted to higher consumption of legumes (P = 0·013) and decreased intake of starchy vegetables (P = 0·042). No significant changes were observed for dairy or fruit intake of children or women.

conclusionsThe study provides insight to what goals of the package revisions were achieved. The findings can inform future food package revisions.

Indexed as

Food AssistanceAdultChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesDietFeeding BehaviorFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysNutritive ValueUnited StatesYoung Adult2009 revisionsDiet qualityFood packageNational Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyNutrient intakeSpecial Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children

Identifiers

PMID31566166
PMCPMC10260574
OpenAlexW2977706425

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.