ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2019
Longitudinal Changes in the Genital Hiatus Preceding the Development of Pelvic Organ Prolapse.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Investigating the association of the dimensions of genital hiatus and levator hiatus with pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic review.International urogynecology journal · 2021Pooled it
- Transcriptomic evidence of remodeling in postpartum levator ani muscle associated with maternal age and recovery time after first vaginal delivery.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- Influence of Pubovisceral Avulsion on Perineal Body Descent and Prolapse Development.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Perineal structural changes on 3-dimensional endovaginal ultrasound 6 months after difficult vaginal birth: the Hourglass-Band pattern and how it relates to levator ani avulsion and hiatus size.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- Perineoplasty, Pain, and Urinary Retention Following Native Tissue Vaginal Prolapse Surgery.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Chapter 4.5: New Proposed Treatments for Pelvic Organ Prolapse.International urogynecology journal · 2026Review
- Pelvic shape predisposes for pelvic organ prolapse: a geometric morphometry study.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2025Article
- Association between enlarged genital hiatus and prolapse with overactive bladder 1 year after vaginal delivery.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Article
- Postpartum Changes in Levator Plate Shape and Genital Hiatus Size After Vaginal Delivery.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- Bibliometric Analyses of the Research Trends of Female Pelvic Organ Prolapse.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- Pelvic floor injury during vaginal birth is life-altering and preventable: what can we do about it?American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2024Review
- Association Between Genital Hiatus Size 8 Weeks Postpartum and Pelvic Organ Prolapse 1 Year After the First Vaginal Delivery.Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2023Article
- Hiatal failure: effects of pregnancy, delivery, and pelvic floor disorders on level III factors.International urogynecology journal · 2023Review
- An International Continence Society (ICS)/ International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) joint report on the terminology for the assessment and management of obstetric pelvic floor disorders.International urogynecology journal · 2023Article
- Age, parity, and prolapse: interaction and influence on levator bowl volume.International urogynecology journal · 2022Article
- Changes in cardinal ligament length and curvature with parity and prolapse and their relation to level III hiatus measures.International urogynecology journal · 2022Article
- Novel 3D MRI technique to measure perineal membrane structural changes with pregnancy and childbirth: Technique development and measurement feasibility.International urogynecology journal · 2021Article
- Surgical Repair of the Genital Hiatus: A Narrative Review.International urogynecology journal · 2021Review
- Mechanisms of hiatus failure in prolapse: a multifaceted evaluation.International urogynecology journal · 2021Article
- The role of the genital hiatus and prolapse symptom bother.International urogynecology journal · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We aimed to explore relationships between changes in genital hiatus (GH) and development of pelvic organ prolapse using data from the Mothers' Outcomes After Delivery (MOAD) Study, a Baltimore, Maryland, cohort study of parous women who underwent annual assessments during 2008-2018. Prolapse was defined as any vaginal segment protrusion beyond the hymen or reported prolapse surgery. For each case, 5 controls (matched on birth type and interval from first delivery to study enrollment) were selected using incidence sampling methods. We used a mixed model whose fixed effects described the initial size and slope of the GH as a function of prolapse status (case vs. control) and with nested (women within matched sets) random effects. Among 1,198 women followed for 1.0-7.3 years, 153 (13%) developed prolapse; 754 controls were matched to those women, yielding 3,664 visits for analysis. GH was 20% larger among the cases at enrollment (3.16 cm in cases vs. 2.62 cm in controls; P < 0.001), and the mean rate of increase in the size of the GH was more than 3 times greater (0.56 cm per 5-year period vs. 0.15 cm per 5-year period in controls; P < 0.001). Thus, to identify women at highest risk for developing prolapse, health-care providers could evaluate not simply the size of the GH but also changes in the GH over time.
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