Trial reportJournal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology2020
Anticipated Pain During Intrauterine Device Insertion.
Trial report in Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Does LI4 Acupuncture Provide an Effective Analgesia During Intrauterine Device
"The Effect of Inhaler Lavender, Focus and Music on Women's Pain, Anxiety, in Intrauterine Device Application"
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for Intrauterine Device (IUD) Pain
The PLAN IUD Trial: The Effectiveness of Topical Prilocaine-Lidocaine Cream Plus Acetaminophen and Naproxen Compared to Lidocaine Injection Plus Acetaminophen and Naproxen to Manage Pain During IntraUterine Device Insertion: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Same-day long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) placement: a systematic review of the benefits and barriers in the United States.BMC women's health · 2026Pooled it
- Non-pharmacologic techniques for interval intrauterine device placement: a systematic review.BMJ sexual & reproductive health · 2025Pooled it
- Misoprostol for intrauterine device placement.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, 2024.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2024Guideline
- Effect of Music on Pain, Anxiety, and Satisfaction During Intrauterine Device Application: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Research in nursing & health · 2026Trial
- The role of lidocaine spray in reducing pain during intrauterine device insertion.BMC women's health · 2026Trial
- Analgesic effects of LI4 acupuncture during intrauterine device insertion: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Trial
- Safety and efficacy of a suction cervical stabilizer for IUD insertion: Results from a multicenter post-marketing study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Preferred use of contraceptive methods and reasons for non-use: a cross-sectional survey of a sample of Black, Indigenous, and people of colour in the United States.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2025Article
- Review
- Differing Approaches to Pain Management for Intrauterine Device Insertion and Maintenance: A Scoping Review.Cureus · 2024Article
- Teaching About Contraception: Adolescent Attitudes Surrounding Sexual Education.Open access journal of contraception · 2023Review
- Effect of Mirena Intrauterine Device on Endometrial Thickness, Quality of Life Score, and Curative Effect in Patients with Perimenopausal Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectiveTo identify predictors of anticipated pain with intrauterine device (IUD) insertion in adolescents and young women.
designWe performed linear regression to identify demographic, sexual/gynecologic history, and mood covariates associated with anticipated pain using a visual analogue scale pain score collected as part of a single-blind randomized trial of women who received a 13.5-mg levonorgestrel IUD.
settingThree academic family planning clinics in Philadelphia Pennsylvania.
participantsNinety-three adolescents and young adult women aged 14-22 years.
interventionParticipants received either a 1% lidocaine or sham paracervical block.
main outcome measuresAnticipated pain measured using a visual analogue scale before and perceived pain at 6 time points during the IUD insertion procedure.
resultsBlack or African American participants had a median anticipated pain score of 68 (interquartile range [IQR], 52-83), White participants had a median anticipated pain of 51 (IQR, 35-68), whereas participants of other races had a median anticipated pain score of 64 (IQR, 36-73); P = .012. In multivariate analysis, race was the only covariate that significantly predicted anticipated pain at IUD insertion. Women with anticipated pain scores above the median had significantly higher perceived pain during all timepoints of the IUD insertion procedure.
conclusionIncreased anticipated pain is associated with increased perceived pain with IUD insertion. Black adolescent women experience greater anticipated pain with IUD insertion. This population might benefit from counseling and clinical measures to reduce this barrier to IUD use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.