ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2019
"Everything is not right anymore": Buprenorphine experiences in an era of illicit fentanyl.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04794790 (Pilot Study to Look at Feasibility of Testing and Treatment of Combination Fentanyl and Opioid Dependent Individuals With Different Buprenorphine Induction Methods), which is not on this map. Cited by 90 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pilot Study to Look at Feasibility of Testing and Treatment of Combination Fentanyl and Opioid Dependent Individuals With Different Buprenorphine Induction Methods
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pharmacological treatment strategies to manage precipitated withdrawal following the administration of buprenorphine in opioid use disorder: A systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review on intentional non-medical fentanyl use among people who use drugs.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of gabapentin during outpatient buprenorphine-assisted taper and transition to injectable naltrexone.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2025Trial
- Extended-Release 7-Day Injectable Buprenorphine for Patients With Minimal to Mild Opioid Withdrawal.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Extended-Release Injection vs Sublingual Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder With Fentanyl Use: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Associations between fentanyl use and initiation, persistence, and retention on medications for opioid use disorder among people living with uncontrolled HIV disease.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Remotely delivered incentives to promote buprenorphine treatment engagement in out-of-treatment adults with opioid use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Technology-assisted methadone take-home dosing for dispensing methadone to persons with opioid use disorder during the Covid-19 pandemic.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2021Trial
- Inpatient Low-dose Transitions From Full Agonist Opioids Including Methadone Onto Long-acting Depot Buprenorphine: Case Series From a Multicenter Clinical Trial.Journal of addiction medicineTrial
- Pharmacological Management of Opioid Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis: Prise en charge pharmacologique du trouble de l'usage des opiacés : revue systématique et méta-analyse en réseau.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2026Review
- Buprenorphine initiation in fentanyl use: Practical strategies for family physicians.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2026Review
- Perceptions of Buprenorphine With Naloxone Treatment and the Fear of Precipitated Withdrawal: A Qualitative Exploration With HIV Prevention Trials Network 094 INTEGRA Participants and Staff.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Buprenorphine Microinduction Treatment in Tri-Diagnosis Patients with Opioid Use Disorder and Chronic Non-Cancerous Pain.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- Urine tapentadol quantification in people injecting supratherapeutic doses: Clinical utility and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method validation.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Risk of opioid overdose during buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder in the fentanyl era.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- "You're Hoping for the Best, but Preparing for the Worst": Discussions of Starting Buprenorphine in the Context of Fentanyl Use with Clinicians and People Who Use Fentanyl.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- "Talk About It!" Shared Decision-Making for Methadone and Buprenorphine Initiation: Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a Conversation Aid via Community-Based Participatory Research.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2026Article
- Buprenorphine initiation from fentanyl using low-dose intramuscular ketamine: a pilot study.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Article
- MiBUP: A pilot randomized controlled trial of low-dose initiation of buprenorphine for opioid use disorder: Design and rationale.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- 'It wasn't to get high; it was just to get by': experiences of patients who use fentanyl during methadone treatment and opportunities for improving care in Vermont and New Hampshire.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundConducted in the Dayton Metropolitan area of Southwestern Ohio, this qualitative study explores the self-treatment practices of people who use illicit opioids (PWUIO) amidst the new risk environment produced by illicit, non-pharmaceutical fentanyl (NPF). We explore local perceptions of the presence of NPF in the Dayton area, and how this has both positively and negatively impacted practices of non-prescribed buprenorphine use among PWUIO.
methodsThis study analyzes qualitative data from 63 interviews conducted between October 2018 and June 2019. Participants were selected from a larger longitudinal study on non-prescribed buprenorphine use among individuals with opioid use disorder. Qualitative interviews were transcribed in their entirety, and their transcriptions were analyzed using NVivo software, drawing on a mix of thematic and inductive coding.
resultsInterview respondents ranged from 19 to 70 years old, with a mean age of 38.9 years. 54% of them were male, and 85.7% identified as non-Hispanic White. 98.4% of the sample had used heroin, and 93.7% of the sample reported use of NPF. Participants agreed NPF dominated the illicit opioids market in the area, and was perceived as both dangerous and desirable. The domination of NPF and associated overdose experiences prompted some to seek positive change and initiate self-treatment with non-prescribed buprenorphine. For others, NPF sabotaged established practices of harm reduction, as unanticipated experiences of precipitated withdrawals prompted some participants to give up non-prescribed buprenorphine use as a tactic of self-treatment. DISCUSSION: The changing nature of heroin/NPF necessarily gives rise to new beliefs surrounding self-treatment attempts, treatment seeking behaviors, and harm reduction practices. While buprenorphine treatment continues to offer promising results for treating opioid use disorders, it is urgent to reconsider how the unpredictable biochemical mixture of NPFs circulating on the streets today may impact the initiation and success of treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.