ReviewImmunological reviews2019
BAFF inhibition in SLE-Is tolerance restored?
Review in Immunological reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Long-term follow up of efficiency and safety of CD19-CAR T-cell treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2025Trial
- Duration of Belimumab Therapy and Timing of Initiation as Predictors of Clinical Outcomes in Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Real-World Retrospective Study.Rheumatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Dual BAFF and APRIL inhibition with TACI-Fc depletes IgA plasma cells and ameliorates lupus nephritis.iScience · 2026Article
- Molecular characterisation of telitacicept response phenotypes in systemic lupus erythematosus: an exploratory integrated transcriptome and B-cell receptor repertoire profiling study.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Anti-CD19-engineered exosomes enable B cell-targeted anti-BAFF mRNA delivery to alleviate lupus progression.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Mechanism and therapeutic prospects of adipose tissue B lymphocytes in obesity and obesity‑associated metabolic diseases (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Belimumab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From B-Cell Biology to Disease Modification.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Restoring B cell intrinsic tolerance to lupus autoimmunity: a rational strategy for lupus treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunopathogenesis and Therapeutics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: an Integrative Review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- BAFF in autoimmune kidney diseases: pathogenic pathways, biomarker potential, and therapeutic horizons.Renal failure · 2025Review
- CD4Vaccines · 2025Article
- Review
- Cellular therapies in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Review
- Protective Effects ofBiomedicines · 2025Article
- SLE B cells take an extrafollicular detour after mRNA vaccination.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of APRIL in autoimmunity: implications for therapeutic targeting in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Current use and development of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: a review.Antibody therapeutics · 2025Review
- Article
- Defective germinal center selection results in persistence of self-reactive B cells from the primary to the secondary repertoire in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome.Nature communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The B cell activating factor (BAFF) inhibitor, belimumab, is the first biologic drug approved for the treatment of SLE, and exhibits modest, but durable, efficacy in decreasing disease flares and organ damage. BAFF and its homolog APRIL are TNF-like cytokines that support the survival and differentiation of B cells at distinct developmental stages. BAFF is a crucial survival factor for transitional and mature B cells that acts as rheostat for the maturation of low-affinity autoreactive cells. In addition, BAFF augments innate B cell responses via complex interactions with the B cell receptor (BCR) and Toll like receptor (TLR) pathways. In this manner, BAFF impacts autoreactive B cell activation via extrafollicular pathways and fine tunes affinity selection within germinal centers (GC). Finally, BAFF and APRIL support plasma cell survival, with differential impacts on IgM- and IgG-producing populations. Therapeutically, BAFF and combined BAFF/APRIL inhibition delays disease onset in diverse murine lupus strains, although responsiveness to BAFF inhibition is model dependent, in keeping with heterogeneity in clinical responses to belimumab treatment in humans. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms whereby BAFF/APRIL signals promote autoreactive B cell activation, discuss whether altered selection accounts for therapeutic benefits of BAFF inhibition, and address whether new insights into BAFF/APRIL family complexity can be exploited to improve human lupus treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.