Observational studyBMJ open2019
Overweight in Indonesia: an observational study of trends and risk factors among adults and children.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Triple Burden of Malnutrition among Children and Adolescents in Indonesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Review
- Lifestyle and family factors associated with childhood overweight: evidence from a case-control study in Indonesian schoolchildren.Korean journal of family medicine · 2026Article
- School Administrator and Food Vendor Perspectives on Stocking and Promoting Healthier Offerings in Indonesian Primary Schools: Findings from a Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Cross-sectional study of prepared foods sold in Indonesian school canteens to inform childhood obesity programs and policies.Journal of nutritional science · 2026Article
- Trends in the double burden of malnutrition among Indonesian adults, 2007 to 2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- BMI-z score trajectories of Indonesian children and adolescents between 1993 and 2014 and associated risk factors.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Is obesity associated with depression in low- and middle-income countries? Longitudinal evidence from Indonesia.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in overweight and obesity among adults: Results from the Indonesian Food Barometer study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Exploring the multifaceted factors influencing overweight and obesity: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Associations between food consumption/dietary habits and the risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Jakarta, Indonesia.Nutrition research and practice · 2024Article
- Body Mass Index Asian populations category and stroke and heart disease in the adult population: a longitudinal study of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2007 and 2014.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Factors associated with overweight/obesity of children aged 6-12 years in Indonesia.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Behavioural and environmental risk factors associated with primary schoolchildren's overweight and obesity in urban Indonesia.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Trends in BMI of Indonesian adults between 1993 and 2014: a longitudinal population-based study.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Maternal and Child Health handbook and under-6 child overweight in greater Jakarta, Indonesia: a cross-sectional web-based survey.BMC nutrition · 2023Article
- The urgency in proposing the optimal obesity cutoff value in Indonesian population: A narrative review.Medicine · 2022Review
- IoT Framework for a Decision-Making System of Obesity and Overweight Extrapolation among Children, Youths, and Adults.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Complementary Feeding Practices among Young Children in China, India, and Indonesia: A Narrative Review.Current developments in nutrition · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo conduct a secondary data analysis detailing overweight prevalence and associations between key hypothesised determinants and overweight.
designThis observational study used publicly available data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) (1993-2014). The IFLS is a home-based survey of adults and children that collected data on household characteristics (size, physical infrastructure, assets, food expenditures), as well as on individual-level educational attainment, occupation type, smoking status and marital status. These analyses used data on the self-reported consumption of ultra-processed foods and physical activity. Anthropometrics were measured.
settingIndonesia. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We described the distribution of overweight by gender among adults (body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m
resultsOne-third of adults were overweight in 2014. Between 1993 and 2014, the prevalence of overweight among adults doubled from 17.1% to 33.0%. The prevalence of overweight among children under 5 years increased from 4.2% to 9.4% between 1993 and 2007, but then remained relatively stagnant between 2007 and 2014. Among children aged 6-12 years and 13-18 years, the prevalence of overweight increased from 5.1% to 15.6% and from 7.1% to 14.1% between 1993 and 2014, respectively. Although overweight prevalence remains higher in urban areas, the increase in overweight prevalence was larger among rural (vs urban) residents, and by 2014, the proportions of overweight adults were evenly distributed in each wealth quintile. Data suggest that the consumption of ultra-processed foods was common and levels of physical activity have decreased over the last decade. In multivariable models, urban area residence, higher wealth, higher education and consumption of ultra-processed foods were associated with higher odds of overweight among most adults and children.
conclusionUrgent programme and policy action is needed to reduce and prevent overweight among all ages.
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