ArticleBMJ open2019
Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health in Germany: a time-trend analysis of repeated cross-sectional health surveys between 2003 and 2012.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is educational expansion beneficial for health? A counterfactual mediation analysis of its impact on trends of daily activity limitations among different age groups in Germany.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Poverty and health - does parenthood matter? Trends in income inequality in self-rated health among parents and non-parents in Germany from 2009 to 2024.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Changes over time in social inequality in adult self-rated health: the case of Norway 2002-2019.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Equity by design principles for digital health interventions.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Consumer Wearable Usage to Collect Health Data Among Adults Living in Germany: Nationwide Observational Survey Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Observational
- Socioeconomic inequalities in health behaviours pre- and post-COVID-19 among Japanese school-aged adolescents: a nationally representative three-wave repeated cross-sectional survey.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2025Article
- [Subjective health in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic-a comparison of socio-demographic groups and pandemic-related risk factors].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2024Article
- Income-Related Inequalities in Physical and Cognitive Health Domains Over the Later Life Course: Longitudinal Evidence From the U.S. (1992-2016).Research on aging · 2024Article
- Combined influence of immigration status and income on cervical cancer screening uptake.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic inequality in self-rated health and its determinants: an Oaxaca blinder decomposition in Ilam, West of Iran during 2023.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in behavioural non-communicable disease risk factors: analysis of repeated cross-sectional health surveys in England between 2003 and 2019.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Trends and Changes in Socio-Economic Inequality in Self-Rated Health among Migrants and Non-Migrants: Repeated Cross-Sectional Analysis of National Survey Data in Germany, 1995-2017.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Educational Attainment Is Associated With Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the German CKD (GCKD) Cohort.Kidney international reports · 2022Article
- Impact of differential copayment on patient healthcare choice: evidence from South Korean National Cohort Study.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Article
- Time trends of socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent smoking in Okinawa, Japan, 2008-2016: a repeated cross-sectional study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Are Israelis becoming healthier? Trends in self-rated health, 2002-2018.Israel journal of health policy research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study assessed the extent of educational and income inequalities in self-rated health (SRH) in the German adult population between 2003 and 2012 and how these inequalities changed over time.
designRepeated cross-sectional health interview surveys conducted in 2003, 2009, 2010 and 2012. SETTING AND
participantsThe study population was the German adult population aged 25-69, living in private households in Germany. In total 54 197 randomly selected participants (2003: 6890; 2009: 16 418; 2010: 17 145; 2012: 13 744) were included.
main outcome measuresSRH was assessed with one single question. Five answer categories were dichotomised into good ('very good' and 'good') versus poor ('moderate', 'poor', 'very poor') SRH. To estimate the extent of the correlation between absolute and relative inequalities in SRH on the one hand, and income and education on the other; slope indices of inequality (SII) and relative indices of inequality (RII) were estimated using linear probability and log-binomial regression models.
resultsThere were considerable and persisting educational and income inequalities in SRH in every survey year. Absolute educational inequalities were largely stable (2003: SII=0.25, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.30; 2012: 0.29, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.33; p trend=0.359). Similarly, absolute income inequalities were stable (2003: SII=0.22, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.27; 2012: SII=0.26, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.30; p trend=0.168). RII by education (2003: 2.53, 95% CI 2.11 to 3.03; 2012: 2.72, 95% CI 2.36 to 3.13; p trend=0.531) and income (2003: 2.09. 95% CI 1.75 to 2.49; 2012: 2.53, 95% CI 2.19 to 2.92; p trend=0.051) were equally stable over the same period.
conclusionsWe found considerable and persisting absolute and relative socioeconomic inequalities in SRH in the German adult population between 2003 and 2012, with those in lower socioeconomic position reporting poorer SRH. These findings should be a concern for both public health professionals and political decision makers.
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