ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2019
Human Milk Use in the Preoperative Period Is Associated with a Lower Risk for Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonates with Complex Congenital Heart Disease.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breastfeeding infants with CHD: an evidence summary and recommendations from the Cardiac Newborn Neuroprotective Network, a special interest group of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative.Cardiology in the young · 2025Guideline
- Effectiveness of structured lactation support and human donor milk banking in German NICUs: a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- Hemodynamic-Guided Nutrition Support in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Balancing access to donor human milk: Rationing vs expanding use.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2026Review
- When It Is Not NEC: Recognizing Mimics of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Term Neonates with Critical Congenital Heart Disease: Associated Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Human milk and breastfeeding at the first oral feed for infants with critical congenital heart disease: a multi-institutional study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Improving preoperative enteral feeding for newborns with congenital heart disease.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Impact of breast milk composition on nutritional status of term neonates with congenital heart defects: A prospective study.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Enteral nutrition in neonates: current evidence from clinical trials and evolving strategies.Seminars in perinatology · 2026Review
- The Gut Microbiome in Congenital Heart Disease: Dysbiosis, Intestinal Barrier Injury, and Translational Opportunities Across the Childhood-A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Feed fortification strategy impact on the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants with complex congenital heart disease.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Article
- The Effect of Behavioral Intervention on Maternal Breastfeeding Practice and Infant Growth in Congenital Heart Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- A budget impact analysis of an expanded criteria for pasteurized donor human milk use: a single center experience.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Necrotizing enterocolitis following spontaneous intestinal perforation in very low birth weight neonates.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Clinical characterization of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates with or without congenital heart disease: a case-control study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Feeding Practices in Infants with Hematochezia and Necrotizing Enterocolitis on Acute Care Cardiology Units.Pediatric cardiology · 2025Article
- Feeding Approach to Optimizing Nutrition in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- The association of human milk intake and outcomes in biliary atresia.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the hypothesis that feeding volumes exceeding 100 mL/kg/d and exposure to cow's milk formula preoperatively increase the risk for preoperative necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in infants with complex congenital heart disease. STUDY
designAll infants, of any gestational age, with an isolated cardiac lesion at high risk for NEC (ductal-dependent lesions, transposition of the great arteries, truncus arteriosus, and aorto-pulmonary window) admitted to Texas Children's Hospital from 2010 to 2016 were included. NEC was defined based on the modified Bell criteria. Feeding regimen information and relevant covariates were collected. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of feeding regimen and other potential risk factors with NEC.
resultsIn this single-center, retrospective cohort of 546 infants, 3.3% developed Bell stage I-III NEC preoperatively. An exclusive unfortified human milk diet was associated with a significantly lower risk of preoperative NEC (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.84, P = .03) in a multivariable regression model controlling for cardiac lesion, race, feeding volume, birth weight small for gestational age, inotrope use presurgery/pre-NEC, and prematurity. Feeding volumes exceeding 100 mL/kg/d were associated with a significantly greater risk of preoperative NEC (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.19-7.90, P = .02).
conclusionsThe findings suggest that an unfortified exclusive human milk diet may reduce the risk of preoperative NEC in infants with complex congenital heart disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.