ReviewAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2020
Trained immunity in organ transplantation.
Review in American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innate Immune Memory Responses in Organ Transplantation.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Review
- Beyond traditional roles: vitamin D and erythropoietin as immune modulators in kidney diseases.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Graphene quantum dot-coated mesoporous silica loaded with glucosamine sulfate as a potent antigen delivery system for immunoactivation.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Rare epigenetic alterations are conserved across hematopoietic differentiation stages after mycobacterial infection.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Paclitaxel induces trained immunity via the GPR183-STING axis to enhance host defense against MRSA infection.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Review
- Macrophage metabolic reprogramming in organ transplantation: mechanisms, transplant outcomes, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Trained immunity as a systemic bridge: the liver-gut-immune-oral axis in the comorbidity of chronic liver disease and periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic insights into neutrophil involvement in liver transplant ischemia-reperfusion injury and rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Role of autophagy in rejection after solid organ transplantation: A systematic review of the literature.World journal of transplantation · 2025Review
- Potential Impact of Extracorporeal Photopheresis on Trained Immunity and Organ Transplant Acceptance.Transplantation direct · 2025Article
- cGAS/STING signalling in macrophages aggravates obliterative bronchiolitis via an IFN-α-dependent mechanism after orthotopic tracheal transplantation in mice.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Pre-Transplant Immunophenotyping in Pediatric Heart Transplant: A Role for the Immunologist?Pediatric transplantation · 2025Article
- Occlusion of TCR binding to HLA-A*11:01 by a non-pathogenic human alloantibody.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Infection-induced trained immunity: a twist in paradigm of innate host defense and generation of immunological memory.Infection and immunity · 2025Review
- Comparing tacrolimus level monitoring in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and whole blood within one year after kidney transplantation: a single-center, prospective, observational study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- DAMP-driven trained immunity: metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming in critical illness and chronic inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Use of regulatory cells for achieving functional tolerance of pig heart xenotransplants in humans: a literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Impact of exosomes derived from adipose stem cells on lymphocyte proliferation and phenotype in mouse skin grafts.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Innate immune response in acute critical illness: a narrative review.Annals of intensive care · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Consistent induction of donor-specific unresponsiveness in the absence of continuous immunosuppressive therapy and toxic effects remains a difficult task in clinical organ transplantation. Transplant immunologists have developed numerous experimental treatments that target antigen-presentation (signal 1), costimulation (signal 2), and cytokine production (signal 3) to establish transplantation tolerance. While promising results have been obtained using therapeutic approaches that predominantly target the adaptive immune response, the long-term graft survival rates remain suboptimal. This suggests the existence of unrecognized allograft rejection mechanisms that contribute to organ failure. We postulate that trained immunity stimulatory pathways are critical to the immune response that mediates graft loss. Trained immunity is a recently discovered functional program of the innate immune system, which is characterized by nonpermanent epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of macrophages. Since trained macrophages upregulate costimulatory molecules (signal 2) and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines (signal 3), they contribute to potent graft reactive immune responses and organ transplant rejection. In this review, we summarize the detrimental effects of trained immunity in the context of organ transplantation and describe pathways that induce macrophage training associated with graft rejection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.