Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31560964›Full record

ArticleVirus research2019

Antiviral activity of Sambucus FormosanaNakai ethanol extract and related phenolic acid constituents against human coronavirus NL63.

Jing-Ru Weng, Chen-Sheng Lin, Hsueh-Chou Lai, Yu-Ping Lin, Ching-Ying Wang, Yu-Chi Tsai, Kun-Chang Wu, Su-Hua Huang, Cheng-Wen Lin

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Virus research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04420260 (Scheme of Primary Prevention of Infection by COVID-19, in Workers), which is not on this map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04420260 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Scheme of Primary Prevention of Infection by COVID-19, in Workers: Phase II Controlled Clinical Trial, to be Carried Out in Medellín-Antioquia

TypeinterventionalSponsorUnidad de Investigación Genética MolecularRan2021 to 2021Enrolled152ConditionsCOVIDArmsGroup A: oropharygeal spray and immunostimulant emulsion, Group D:Placebo oropharyngeal spray + Placebo taken PO
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Identification of Anti-Viral Compounds fromJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Antiviral Activity and Underlying Mechanism ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Antiviral Activity of Natural Herbs and their Isolated BioactiveCompounds: A Review.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2024
    Review
  14. Latin American Plants against Microorganisms.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review

19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jing-Ru WengDepartment of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Chen-Sheng LinDivision of Gastroenterology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Hsueh-Chou LaiSchool of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Hepato-gastroenterology, department of internal medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Yu-Ping LinDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Ching-Ying WangDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Yu-Chi TsaiDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Kun-Chang WuSchool of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Su-Hua HuangDepartment of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan.
Cheng-Wen LinDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: cwlin@mail.cmu.edu.tw.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), one of the main circulating HCoVs worldwide, causes respiratory tract illnesses like runny nose, cough, bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Recently, a severe respiratory illness outbreak of HCoV-NL63 has been reported in a long-term care facility. Sambucus FormosanaNakai, a species of elderberry, is a traditional medicinal herb with anti-inflammatory and antiviral potential. The study investigated the antiviral activity of Sambucus FormosanaNakai stem ethanol extract and some phenolic acid constituents against HCoV-NL63. The extract was less cytotoxic and concentration-dependently increased anti-HCoV-NL63 activities, including cytopathicity, sub-G1 fraction, virus yield (IC50 = 1.17 μg/ml), plaque formation (IC50 = 4.67 μg/ml) and virus attachment (IC50 = 15.75 μg/ml). Among the phenolic acid constituents in Sambucus FormosanaNakai extract, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and gallic acid sustained the anti-HCoV-NL63 activity that was ranked in the following order of virus yield reduction: caffeic acid (IC

Indexed as

AnimalsAntiviral AgentsCell LineCell SurvivalCoronavirus InfectionsCoronavirus NL63, HumanEpithelial CellsHumansHydroxybenzoatesInhibitory Concentration 50KidneyMacaca mulattaPlant ExtractsPlant StemsRespiratory SystemSambucusAntiviral AgentsHydroxybenzoatesphenolic acidPlant ExtractsAntiviralAttachment inhibitionCaffeic acidHuman coronavirus NL63Sambucus FormosanaNakaiVirus yield

Identifiers

PMID31560964
PMCPMC7114872

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.