ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews2019
Circuits for social learning: A unified model and application to Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Review in Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- AST-001 versus placebo for social communication in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized clinical trial.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Trial
- Enhancing Social Initiations Using Naturalistic Behavioral Intervention: Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Trial for Children with Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2021Trial
- Effects of Oxytocin on Emotion Recognition in Schizophrenia: A Randomized Double-Blind Pilot Study.Journal of clinical psychopharmacologyTrial
- Can Leucovorin (Folinic Acid) Treat Autism Features?CNS drugs · 2026Article
- Development and characterisation of novel oxytocin analogues for PET imaging.Communications chemistry · 2025Article
- Brain structure in triple X syndrome: regional gray matter volume and cortical thickness in adult women with 47,XXX karyotype.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- Development of precision medicine approaches to advance clinical trials for autism and social behavior: A research imperative.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Shaping behaviors through social experience and their proposed sensitivity to stress.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2024Review
- Developmental Family Functioning and Conduct Disorder Symptoms in Teenagers: The Function of Cognitive Emotion Regulation.International journal of school health · 2024Article
- Spontaneous instrumental approach-avoidance learning in social contexts in autism.Molecular autism · 2024Article
- Melanocortin agonism in a social context selectively activates nucleus accumbens in an oxytocin-dependent manner.Neuropharmacology · 2024Article
- Highly Specific Detection of Oxytocin in Saliva.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Linking oxytocin and arginine vasopressin signaling abnormalities to social behavior impairments in Prader-Willi syndrome.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Review
- Oxytocin receptors are widely distributed in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) brain: Relation to social behavior, genetic polymorphisms, and the dopamine system.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2022Article
- Eczema and related atopic diseases are associated with increased symptom severity in children with autism spectrum disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Transdiagnostic Clinical Staging for Childhood Mental Health: An Adjunctive Tool for Classifying Internalizing and Externalizing Syndromes that Emerge in Children Aged 5-11 Years.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2022Article
- Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior: From Neural Circuits to Clinical Opportunities.Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Sex-specific and social experience-dependent oxytocin-endocannabinoid interactions in the nucleus accumbens: implications for social behaviour.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022Review
- Social experience alters oxytocinergic modulation in the nucleus accumbens of female prairie voles.Current biology : CB · 2022Article
- Intraamygdaloid Oxytocin Reduces Anxiety in the Valproate-Induced Autism Rat Model.Biomedicines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Early life social experiences shape neural pathways in infants to develop lifelong social skills. This review presents the first unified circuit-based model of social learning that can be applied to early life social development, drawing together unique human developmental milestones, sensitive learning periods, and behavioral and neural scaffolds. Circuit domains for social learning are identified governing Activation, Integration, Discrimination, Response and Reward (AIDRR) to sculpt and drive human social learning. This unified model can be used to identify social delays earlier in development. We propose social impairments observed in Autism Spectrum Disorder are underpinned by early mistimed sensitive periods in brain development and alterations in amygdala development to disrupt the AIDRR circuits. This model directs how interventions can target neural circuits for social development and be applied early in life. To illustrate, the role of oxytocin and its use as an intervention is explored. The AIDRR model shifts focus away from delivering broad treatments based only on diagnostic classifications, to specifying and targeting the relevant circuits, at the right time of development, to optimize social learning.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.