ArticleJournal of ophthalmology2019
Dry Eye Indexes Estimated by Keratograph 5M of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients without Secondary Sjögren's Syndrome Correlate with Lupus Activity.
Article in Journal of ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of dry eye in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluation of Dry Eye Disease Signs, Symptoms, and Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of ocular surface inflammation and systemic conditions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Unveiling Ocular Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Dry eye disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross sectional study.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography of Tear Film and Cornea in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo investigate the incidence, severity, and influencing factors of dry eye in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients without secondary Sjögren's syndrome (sSS).
methodsA total of 78 patients who were diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and met inclusion criteria were selected as the study subjects in this cross-sectional study. Tear meniscus height (TMH) and noninvasive Keratograph tear breakup time (NIKBUT) including NIKBUT-first and NIKBUT-average of the subjects were measured using a noninvasive ocular analyzer, the Keratograph 5M (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). Symptoms related to dry eye were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). The severity of SLE was evaluated by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). Results of the levels of 4 serum antibodies were collected from the patients' medical records. Correlations between SLEDAI and various ocular surface parameters were analyzed, and multiple-factor binary logistic regression analysis was conducted.
resultsIn the study subjects, mean TMH was 0.22 mm, mean NIKBUT-first was 9.12 s, and mean OSDI was 13.14. The subjects (19 eyes) whose NIKBUT-average was < 10 s and OSDI was ≥ 13 accounted for 24.36% of all the included patients. SLEDAI showed a statistically significant correlation with TMH (
conclusionsOne-fourth of the SLE patients without sSS suffered from dry eye, and the severity of dry eye correlated with the activity of SLE.
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Registered trials
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